{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T09:38:29Z","timestamp":1785317909177,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Foundation, Dublin, Ireland","award":["NCRC c\/18\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCRC c\/18\/2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes to the oral microbiome have been reported in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD). The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and dynamics of the oral microbiome in children randomized to 1 of 2 nutritional treatments for CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (n\u2009=\u200954) in this randomized controlled trial (NCT02843100) received the Crohn\u2019s Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED) with either partial enteral nutrition (PEN; n\u2009=\u200928) or exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN; n\u2009=\u200926). The oral microbiome was assessed via swabs from the dorsum of the tongue and the buccal gingiva by 16S rRNA sequencing at 0, 2, 8, 14, 24, and 52\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no significant differences in primary or clinical outcomes between the 2 groups. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, sampling by 24\u2009weeks was limited to 34 participants. At week 0, moderate-severe disease activity (Pediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease Activity Index [PCDAI]\u2009&amp;gt;\u200930) was associated with decreased Porphyromonas, Haemophilus, Alloprevotella, Neisseria, and Bergeyella species and increased Actinomyces. As patients entered remission (PCDAI\u2009&amp;lt;\u200910), we observed a restoration in the abundance of these taxa. A modified oral dysbiosis index (MODI) was generated, capable of distinguishing mild from moderate-severe disease activity based on microbiome profiles. Dysbiosis decreased as treatment continued and patients entered remission. Patients on CDED exhibited more significant dysbiosis index changes at weeks 8-24, compared with the EEN group. Application of the index across published oral microbiome data sets validated its ability to discriminate health from CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral microbiome changes in pediatric CD reflect disease activity and parallel therapeutic response to CDED and EEN over time. Additional validation of the proposed dysbiosis index should be undertaken in adequately powered future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izag107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T11:39:39Z","timestamp":1779536379000},"page":"1587-1599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modified Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) resolve oral dysbiosis in pediatric Crohn's disease: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0469-1788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary P","family":"Moran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin and Dublin Dental University Hospital , Dublin D02 F859,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"McQuillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin and Dublin Dental University Hospital , Dublin D02 F859,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6014-372X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwo-tzer","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Whelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor Manuel","family":"Navas-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) , M\u00e1laga 29590,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Rolandsdotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sachs\u2019 Children and Youth Hospital, S\u00f6dersjukhuset , 118 83 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Olen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sachs\u2019 Children and Youth Hospital, S\u00f6dersjukhuset , 118 83 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mart\u00edn-de-Carpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Barcelona , 08950 Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rotem","family":"Sigall Boneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, The E. 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