{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:03:08Z","timestamp":1792735388633,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatological extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) represent the most frequent complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite their clinical relevance, they remain heterogeneously defined and inconsistently assessed in both clinical practice and clinical trials. This narrative review aimed to summarize current evidence on the diagnostic assessment of IBD-associated rheumatological EIMs and to identify unmet needs for clinical evaluation and trial design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search was performed to identify studies evaluating the diagnosis and assessment of IBD-associated rheumatological EIMs. Data were extracted on diagnostic definitions, classification systems, outcome measures, and the use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) across observational studies and randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the diagnostic assessment of IBD-associated rheumatological EIMs, with inconsistent use of classification criteria and frequent reliance on nonstandardized clinical evaluation. No PRO instruments specifically developed or validated for IBD-associated rheumatological EIMs were identified. In randomized controlled trials, rheumatological EIMs were variably reported, with heterogeneous endpoints and limited structured assessment, particularly in phase 3 IBD trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence from this review reflects considerable methodological variability in the assessment of rheumatological EIMs in IBD. Standardized definitions, harmonized outcome measures, and the development of EIM-specific PROs are needed to support consistent endpoint selection and improve the evaluation of rheumatological outcomes in future clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izag144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:09:37Z","timestamp":1784826577000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Classifications of rheumatological extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: Unmet needs in clinical practice and trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9554-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga Maria","family":"Nardone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, 80131,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4374-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Western University , London, Ontario, N6A 3K7,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute , London, Ontario, N6A 3K7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Caso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology research Section, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, 80131,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1479-5302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario , London, ON N6A 3K7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7715-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"McGonagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leeds , Leeds,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1092-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vipul","family":"Jairath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Western University , London, Ontario, N6A 3K7,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute , London, Ontario, N6A 3K7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.042","article-title":"Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: current concepts, treatment, and implications for disease management","volume":"161","author":"Rogler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad108","article-title":"ECCO guidelines on extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Gordon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.02.026","article-title":"Comprehensive association analyses of extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"167","author":"Khrom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-011-9085-8","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease associated arthropathy","volume":"4","author":"Arvikar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-025-00990-8","article-title":"Practical tips for diagnosis and management of concomitant inflammatory spondyloarthritis and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"27","author":"Falloon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45195","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45195","article-title":"Role of biologic therapies in the rheumatic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic analysis","volume":"15","author":"Nag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.065","article-title":"Selecting end points for disease-modification trials in inflammatory bowel disease: the SPIRIT consensus from the IOIBD","volume":"160","author":"Le Berre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70181","article-title":"The effectiveness of medical therapies for joint, skin and eye extraintestinal manifestations in IBD-an umbrella review","volume":"61","author":"Nardone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16612","article-title":"The impact of vedolizumab therapy on extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw199","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Karreman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720X21996973","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X21996973","article-title":"Prevalence of axial spondyloarthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease using cross-sectional imaging: a systematic literature review","volume":"13","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001777","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-001777","article-title":"Spondyloarthritis in inflammatory bowel disease cohorts: systematic literature review and critical appraisal of study designs","volume":"8","author":"Schwartzman","year":"2022","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003092","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthritis","volume":"120","author":"Falloon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa096","article-title":"The IBIS-Q [IBd identification of spondyloarthritis questionnaire]: A novel tool to detect both axial and peripheral arthritis in inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"14","author":"Variola","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8618703","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8618703","article-title":"Performance of two screening questionnaires for inflammatory arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"2018","author":"Queiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200364","article-title":"Multicenter validation of the DETAIL questionnaire for the screening of spondyloarthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"48","author":"Benfaremo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17562848251323529","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848251323529","article-title":"Reducing diagnostic delays of extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: a comparative study of a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic versus conventional referral specialists","volume":"18","author":"Nardone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12125","article-title":"The impact of colectomy on the course of extraintestinal manifestations in Swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort study patients","volume":"9","author":"Roth","year":"2021","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.3.387","article-title":"Peripheral arthropathies in inflammatory bowel disease: their articular distribution and natural history","volume":"42","author":"Orchard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645","article-title":"The assessment of spondyloarthritis international society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general","volume":"70","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.02.001","article-title":"The pathogenesis of oligoarticular\/polyarticular vs systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00297-1","article-title":"Endpoints for extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease trials: the EXTRA consensus from the international organization for the study of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"7","author":"Guillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-04940-1","article-title":"Axial spondyloarthritis and inflammatory bowel disease: association between disease activity and endothelial dysfunction markers","volume":"42","author":"Przepiera-B\u0119dzak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720X241303316","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X241303316","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in axial spondyloarthritis patients. Is there any specific clinical picture? Data from the RESPONDIA and REGISPONSER registries","volume":"16","author":"Llop","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2022-222747","article-title":"Instrument selection for the ASAS core outcome set for axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"82","author":"Navarro-Comp\u00e1n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae114","article-title":"Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease-associated peripheral arthritis: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Falloon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf281","article-title":"Association of spondyloarthritis with chronic opioid use in inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide Danish cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Dalal","year":"2026","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jjaf009","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf009","article-title":"Assessment and reporting of extraintestinal manifestations and fatigue in phase 3 inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Chhibba","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978504","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.978504","article-title":"A clinical practice guideline for the screening and assessment of enthesitis in patients with spondyloarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215734","article-title":"Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"369","author":"Feagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606910","article-title":"Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"376","author":"Sandborn","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00061-2","article-title":"Etrasimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (ELEVATE): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies","volume":"401","author":"Sandborn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207940","article-title":"Mirikizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"388","author":"D\u2019Haens","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00581-5","article-title":"Upadacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results from three phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trials","volume":"399","author":"Danese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212728","article-title":"Upadacitinib induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"388","author":"Loftus","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00681-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravenous induction and subcutaneous maintenance therapy with guselkumab for patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (GALAXI-2 and GALAXI-3): 48-week results from two phase 3, randomised, placebo and active comparator-controlled, double-blind, triple-dummy trials","volume":"406","author":"Panaccione","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01927-5","article-title":"Guselkumab in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (QUASAR): phase 3 double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled induction and maintenance studies","volume":"405","author":"Rubin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081839","article-title":"Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: from pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"12","author":"Faggiani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.06.005","article-title":"Paradoxical immune-mediated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving anti-TNF-\u03b1 agents","volume":"13","author":"Fiorino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12621","article-title":"Initiation of vedolizumab did not provoke new-onset spondylarthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective 24-week study with imaging assessments","volume":"12","author":"Rohekar","year":"2024","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac109","article-title":"Identifying the presence, activity, and status of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease using natural language processing of clinical notes","volume":"29","author":"Stidham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08512-4","article-title":"Maintenance infliximab for Crohn\u2019s disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial","volume":"359","author":"Hanauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043335","article-title":"Natalizumab induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"353","author":"Sandborn","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050516","article-title":"Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"353","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.03.050","article-title":"CLASSIC-I study the efficacy of adalimumab","volume":"130","author":"Schreiber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.11.041","article-title":"Adalimumab for maintenance of clinical response and remission in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: the CHARM trial","volume":"132","author":"Colombel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00159","article-title":"Adalimumab induction therapy for Crohn disease previously treated with infliximab: a randomized trial","volume":"146","author":"Sandborn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.106781","article-title":"Adalimumab for maintenance treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease: results of the CLASSIC II trial","volume":"56","author":"Sandborn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067594","article-title":"Certolizumab pegol for the treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"357","author":"Sandborn","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.221127","article-title":"Adalimumab for induction of clinical remission in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Reinisch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.07.013","article-title":"Adalimumab for the induction and maintenance of clinical remission in Japanese patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Watanabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215739","article-title":"Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"369","author":"Sandborn","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0922-y","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in Japanese patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis","volume":"49","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.05.008","article-title":"Effects of vedolizumab induction therapy for patients with Crohn\u2019s disease in whom tumor necrosis factor antagonist treatment failed","volume":"147","author":"Sands","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.06.010","article-title":"Subcutaneous golimumab maintains clinical response in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"146","author":"Sandborn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000319","article-title":"Low-dose infliximab for induction and maintenance treatment in Chinese patients with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis","volume":"49","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602773","article-title":"Ustekinumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"375","author":"Feagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12094","article-title":"The impact of ustekinumab on extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn\u2019s disease: A post hoc analysis of the UNITI studies","volume":"9","author":"Narula","year":"2021","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17562848211005708","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848211005708","article-title":"Extraintestinal manifestations at baseline, and the effect of tofacitinib, in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"14","author":"Rubin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0212989","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212989","article-title":"Vedolizumab in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis: a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Motoya","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900750","article-title":"Ustekinumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"381","author":"Sands","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756284820938960","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284820938960","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in Chinese patients with moderately to severely active Crohn\u2019s disease: results from a randomized trial","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01647-w","article-title":"Effects of vedolizumab in Japanese patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial with exploratory analyses","volume":"55","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2033617","article-title":"Ozanimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"385","author":"Sandborn","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00666-8","article-title":"Filgotinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (SELECTION): a phase 2b\/3 double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Feagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00298-3","article-title":"Etrolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis in patients previously treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (HICKORY): a phase 3, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00466-4","article-title":"Risankizumab as maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active Crohn\u2019s disease: results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase 3 FORTIFY maintenance trial","volume":"399","author":"Ferrante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00303-X","article-title":"Etrolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn\u2019s disease (BERGAMOT): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial","volume":"8","author":"Sandborn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026072313093050200_izag144-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.12414","article-title":"Risankizumab for ulcerative colitis: two randomized clinical trials","volume":"332","author":"Louis","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ibd\/izag144\/69878114\/izag144.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ibd\/izag144\/69878114\/izag144.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:09:38Z","timestamp":1784826578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ibd\/izag144\/8740584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":69,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izag144","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-0998","1536-4844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"article-number":"izag144"}}