{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:25:47Z","timestamp":1787073947733,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hormonal contraception (HCT) is widely used among women with ulcerative colitis (UC), yet its impact on disease activity and inflammatory burden remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between HCT exposure, the risk of recurrent flares and inflammatory biomarkers in women with UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicenter retrospective longitudinal cohort study including female patients with UC. HCT exposure was treated as a time-dependent variable. The primary outcome was the risk of recurrent flares, assessed using an Andersen\u2013Gill extension of the Cox model. Secondary outcomes included longitudinal biomarker changes and cumulative inflammatory burden using linear mixed-effects models and time-weighted area-under-the-curve analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 225 women met inclusion criteria, of whom 58 (25.8%) were exposed to HCT after UC diagnosis. During a median follow-up of 5.3 (IQR 3.3-7.5) years, we identified 374 flares. HCT exposure was not associated with an increased risk of recurrent flares (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.93; 95% CI, 0.62-1.40; P\u2009=\u2009.742) but extensive UC (aHR 1.85; 95% CI, 1.22-2.79; P\u2009=\u2009.003), ex-smoker status (aHR 2.07; 95% CI, 1.07-4.01; P\u2009=\u2009.031) and age (aHR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) were. A total of 13\u00a0747 biomarker measurements were available during follow-up. In adjusted longitudinal analysis, C-reactive protein was higher during HCT-exposed months (\u03b2 for log-CRP = 0.254, P\u2009=\u2009.0038), whereas platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, albumin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and fecal calprotectin were not. The cumulative systemic inflammatory burden (AUC\/time) remained comparable between exposure periods. No adverse events related to HCT exposure were identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HCT was not associated with an increased risk of recurrent UC flares or a consistent increase in cumulative systemic inflammatory burden. No HCT-related safety signals were identified; however, the modest number of exposed women cannot exclude smaller effects or rare safety outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izag163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:39:59Z","timestamp":1784893199000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hormonal contraception is not associated with recurrent flares in ulcerative colitis: a longitudinal time-dependent analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5628-313X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Gros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Reina Sof\u00eda University Hospital, University of Cordoba , C\u00f3rdoba,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Maim\u00f3nides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC) , C\u00f3rdoba,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center in Hepatic and Digestive Disease, CIBEREHD , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Frutos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Reina Sof\u00eda University Hospital, University of Cordoba , C\u00f3rdoba,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Brunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center in Hepatic and Digestive Disease, CIBEREHD , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Tauli (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Sabadell,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Valent\u00edn-Arag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department, Reina Sof\u00eda University Hospital , C\u00f3rdoba,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Pont\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari , Barcelona, Sabadell,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Baucells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari , Barcelona, Sabadell,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Reina Sof\u00eda University Hospital, University of Cordoba , C\u00f3rdoba,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center in Hepatic and Digestive Disease, CIBEREHD , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar Soto","family":"Escribano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Reina Sof\u00eda University Hospital, University of Cordoba , C\u00f3rdoba,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Mar\u00edn","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Reina Sof\u00eda University Hospital, University of Cordoba , C\u00f3rdoba,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Mar\u00eda","family":"Iglesias-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Reina Sof\u00eda University Hospital, University of Cordoba , C\u00f3rdoba,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center in Hepatic and Digestive Disease, CIBEREHD , 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