{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T12:26:49Z","timestamp":1773145609462,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Nestle Health Science and Takeda"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFTG) is a blood test used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) prior to TNF-\u03b1 inhibitor (anti-TNF) initiation. We sought to determine factors associated with indeterminate QFTG results in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and whether indeterminate results are associated with IBD-related morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This nested case-control study included IBD patients who underwent QFTG testing. Cases were patients with indeterminate QFTG and controls were those with negative QFTG. The association of demographic and clinical data with indeterminate QFTG result was assessed using logistic regression. We examined the clinical impact of indeterminate QFTG results on risk of hospitalization and delay in anti-TNF initiation using inverse probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 411 patients with QFTG testing (320 negative, 80 indeterminate, and 11 positive results). No patient with an indeterminate result subsequently had LTBI. Systemic corticosteroid use (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.0\u20139.6) and hospitalization at the time of QFTG (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.9\u20137.7) were associated with indeterminate QFTG, while immunomodulator use was nearly statistically significant (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.9\u20139.8) and anti-TNF use was not (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.2\u20134.6). After IPTW adjustment, indeterminate QFTG was associated with a 23.1% (95% CI, 8.2%\u201337.9%) greater probability of delay in anti-TNF initiation beyond 30 days and an 11.9% (95% CI, 0.6%\u201323.1%) greater probability of hospitalization within 60 days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systemic corticosteroid use and hospitalization were associated with an indeterminate QFTG result. Indeterminate QFTG results were associated with delayed anti-TNF initiation and subsequent hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>10.1093\/ibd\/izx019_video1 izx019.video1 5732754519001<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T01:04:56Z","timestamp":1513645496000},"page":"217-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Indeterminate QuantiFERON-TB Gold Increases Likelihood of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment Delay and Hospitalization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ravy K","family":"Vajravelu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark T","family":"Osterman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faten N","family":"Aberra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason A","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary R","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronac","family":"Mamtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James D","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank I","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020060302001151000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011110","article-title":"Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent","volume":"345","author":"Keane","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020060302001151000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.19.2275","article-title":"Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled 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