{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:42:49Z","timestamp":1792431769369,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The role of new psychological factors such as psychopathological patterns and defense mechanisms in the care of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been poorly investigated. We aimed to assess the psychological characteristics and defense mechanisms of IBD patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a single-center, observational, cross-sectional study. Consecutive adult IBD patients were enrolled and stratified according to disease activity. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and validated questionnaires (Symptom Checklist-90-R [SCL-90-R]) for psychological distress, Defense Mechanism Inventory (DMI) for psychological defense mechanisms, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) for quality of life (QoL) were administered.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two hundred one patients were enrolled: 101 in remission and 100 with active disease. The mean score for IBDQ was below the cutoff level (156.8 \u00b1 37.8), with a significantly greater impairment of QoL in subjects with flares (136.5 vs 177.5, P &lt; 0.001). Lower scores were associated with female gender. No patients had psychological scores above the cutoff for normality. Statistically higher SCL-90-R scores were found in active patients for obsessive-compulsive disorder (P = 0.026), depression (P = 0.013), anxiety (P = 0.013), phobic anxiety (P = 0.002), psychoticism (P = 0.007), global severity index (GSI) (P = 0.005) and positive symptom total (PST) (P = 0.001). A significantly increased probability of higher global indexes was associated with Crohn\u2019s disease and disease flares. None of the defensive Defense Mechanism Inventory (DMI) styles resulted above the cutoff in our cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Further data are needed to demonstrate the potential key role of psychological intervention in the therapeutic strategies utilized for IBD patients, and the identification of specific psychological patterns based on the patients profile is necessary to optimize psychological intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T01:19:12Z","timestamp":1548638352000},"page":"1399-1407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Psychological Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Comparison Between Active and Nonactive Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4111-3664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Leone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Gilardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca E","family":"Corr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Menichetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Vegni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Correale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allocca","family":"Mariangela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Furfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Bonovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Peyrin-Biroulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm U954, Lorraine University, Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Danese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5623-2968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gionata","family":"Fiorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019071705261803300_CIT0001","first-page":"274","article-title":"Prevalence of bowel damage assessed by cross-sectional imaging in early Crohn\u2019s disease and its impact on disease outcome","volume":"11","author":"Fiorino","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2019071705261803300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21480","article-title":"Measurement of disease 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