{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T19:43:32Z","timestamp":1783539812029,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccine-preventable diseases and opportunistic infections in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasingly recognized issues. The aims of this study were to evaluate vaccinations, immunization status, and consequent therapeutic management in children with IBD and to analyze the differences among patients diagnosed before (Group 1) and after June 2012 (Group 2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort investigation. Between July 2016 and July 2017, 430 children with IBD were enrolled in 13 centers. Diagnosis, therapeutic history, vaccinations, and immunization status screening at diagnosis and at immunosuppressant (IM)\/biologic initiation and reasons for incomplete immunization were retrieved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccination rates at diagnosis were unsatisfactory for measles, mumps, and rubella (89.3%), Haemophilus influenzae (81.9%), meningococcus C (23.5%), chickenpox (18.4%), pneumococcus (18.6%), papillomavirus (5.9%), and rotavirus (1.9%). Complete immunization was recorded in 38\/430 (8.8%) children, but specific vaccines were recommended in 79\/430 patients (18.6%), without differences between the 2 groups. At IM start, 22% of children were tested for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status, with 96.2% of EBV-na\u00efve patients starting azathioprine, without differences between Groups 1 and 2. Screening for latent tuberculosis (TB) before start of biologics was performed in 175\/190 (92.1%), with up to 9 different screening strategies and numerous inconsistencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated a poor immunization status at diagnosis in children with IBD, which was not followed by proper vaccination catch-up. EBV status before IM initiation and latent TB before biologics were not adequately assessed. Thus, the overall impact of the current guidelines seems unsatisfactory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T17:46:10Z","timestamp":1572975970000},"page":"1407-1414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Vaccinations and Immunization Status in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Study From the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of the ESPGHAN"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d Napoli, Italy; Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Paola","family":"Giugliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d Napoli, Italy; Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Strisciuglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaidotas","family":"Urbonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University Clinic of Children\u2019s Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Elena","family":"Serban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Pediatrics, \u2018Iuliu Hatieganu\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Banaszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2787-4096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Assa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel, Petach-Tikva, affiliated with the Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Hojsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children\u2019s Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, University J.J. 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