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Sampling from multiple sensory modalities enables animals to acquire rich information to guide locomotion. Locomotion without sensory feedback is haphazard; therefore, sensory and motor systems have evolved complex interactions to generate adaptive behavior. Notably, sensory-guided locomotion acts over broad spatial and temporal scales to permit goal-seeking behavior, whether to localize food by tracking an attractive odor plume or to search for a potential mate. How does the brain integrate multimodal stimuli over different temporal and spatial scales to effectively control behavior? In this review, we classify locomotion into three ordinally ranked hierarchical layers that act over distinct spatiotemporal scales: stabilization, motor primitives, and higher-order tasks, respectively. We discuss how these layers present unique challenges and opportunities for sensorimotor integration. We focus on recent advances in invertebrate locomotion due to their accessible neural and mechanical signals from the whole brain, limbs, and sensors. Throughout, we emphasize neural-level description of computations for multimodal integration in genetic model systems, including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. We identify that summation (e.g., gating) and weighting\u2014which are inherent computations of spiking neurons\u2014underlie multimodal integration across spatial and temporal scales, therefore suggesting collective strategies to guide locomotion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icab041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T12:02:03Z","timestamp":1619438523000},"page":"842-853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Multimodal Integration Across Spatiotemporal Scales to Guide Invertebrate Locomotion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Mongeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorian E","family":"Schweikert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0159-4387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessleen K","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology and 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