{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:41:46Z","timestamp":1788522106842,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000854","name":"Human Frontier Science Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LT-000531\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LT-000531\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pulvini are plant motor organs that fulfill two conflicting mechanical roles. At rest, pulvini function as rigid beams that support the cantilevered weight of leafy appendages. During thigmonastic (touch-induced) or nyctinastic (\u201csleep\u201d-induced) plant movements, however, pulvini function as flexible joints capable of active bending. I hypothesized that the ability to alternate between these roles emerges from the interaction of two structural features of pulvini: anisotropically reinforced parenchyma cells comprising the body of the pulvinus and a longitudinally stiff but flexurally pliant vascular bundle running through the pulvinus core. To investigate how these two components might interact within biological pulvini, I built a set of pulvinus-inspired physical models with varying combinations of these elements present. I compared the abilities of the models to (1) resist imposed bending deformation (i.e., act as rigid beams) and (2) exhibit bending deformation when asymmetrically pressurized (i.e., act as actively deformable joints). Pulvinus models displayed the greatest ability to resist bending deformation when both an anisotropically reinforced parenchyma and a vasculature-like core were present. Disruption of either element reduced hydrostatic fluid pressures developed within the models, resulting in a decreased ability to resist externally applied forces. When differentially pressurized to induce active bending, the degree of bending achieved varied widely between models with and without adequately reinforced parenchyma elements. Bending, however, was not influenced by the presence of a vasculature-like core. These findings suggest that biological pulvini achieve their dual functionality by pairing anisotropically reinforced parenchyma tissues with a longitudinally stiff but flexurally pliant vascular core. Together, these elements compose a hydrostatic skeleton within the pulvinus that strongly resists external deformation when pressurized, but that bends easily when the balance of fluid pressures within it is altered. These results illustrate the emergent nature of pulvinus motor abilities and highlight structural specialization as an important aspect of pulvinus physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icad018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T01:25:05Z","timestamp":1682990705000},"page":"1331-1339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring the Dual Functionality of Plant Pulvini Using a Physical Modeling Approach"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0170-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A","family":"Sleboda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine , 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92617 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.35.4.731","article-title":"Factors controlling the change of shape of certain nemertean and turbellarian worms","volume":"35","author":"Clark","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib2","volume-title":"The power of movement in plants","author":"Darwin","year":"1880"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00196975","article-title":"Transport processes in stimulated and non-stimulated leaves of Mimosa pudica","volume":"2","author":"Fromm","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trees"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S293","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2004.0161","article-title":"Turtle and mammal penis designs are anatomically convergent","volume":"271","author":"Kelly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.056549","article-title":"The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons","volume":"215","author":"Kier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2003.1350","article-title":"Physical modelling in biomechanics","volume":"358","author":"Koehl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35442","article-title":"The phototropic pulvinus of bean Phaseolus vulgaris L.\u2014functional features","volume":"4","author":"Koller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Biol"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2307\/1542085","article-title":"The functional morphology of starfish tube feet\u2014the role of a crossed-fiber helical array in movement","volume":"188","author":"McCurley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Bull"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00395147","article-title":"Mechanics of circadian pulvini movements in Phaseolus coccineus L","volume":"163","author":"Mayer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12444","article-title":"The functions of foliar nyctinasty: a review and hypothesis","volume":"94","author":"Minorsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib11","volume-title":"Plant biomechanics: an engineering approach to plant form and function","author":"Niklas","year":"1992"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2007.09.001","article-title":"Pulvinus functional traits in relation to leaf movements: a light and transmission electron microscopy study of the vascular system","volume":"39","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2008","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib13","first-page":"467","article-title":"Changes in the extracellular ion concentration in the main pulvinus of Mimosa pudica during rapid movement and recovery","volume":"21","author":"Samejima","year":"1980","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.6.12.18192","article-title":"Plants on the move: towards common mechanisms governing mechanically-induced plant movements","volume":"6","author":"Scorza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Signal Behav"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.12.013","article-title":"Multiscale structural anisotropy steers plant organ actuation","volume":"33","author":"Sleboda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6466","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06466","article-title":"Real-time imaging of pulvinus bending in Mimosa pudica","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiad105","article-title":"Pulvinar slits: cellulose-deficient and de-methyl-esterified pectin-rich structures in a legume motor cell","author":"Takahara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122421","article-title":"Movement of water in conjunction with plant movement visualized by NMR imaging","volume":"104","author":"Tamiya","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1508\/cytologia.19.29","article-title":"Observational and experimental studies of sensitive plants ii. On the changes in motor cells of diurnal and nocturnal condition","volume":"19","author":"Toriyama","year":"1954","journal-title":"Cytologia (Tokyo)"},{"key":"2023122905304357700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1952.tb05196.x","article-title":"Leaf movements in Mimosa pudica L","volume":"50","author":"Weintraub","year":"1952","journal-title":"New Phytol"}],"container-title":["Integrative And Comparative Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icb\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/icb\/icad018\/50383598\/icad018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icb\/article-pdf\/63\/6\/1331\/54918137\/icad018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icb\/article-pdf\/63\/6\/1331\/54918137\/icad018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T05:32:47Z","timestamp":1703827967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icb\/article\/63\/6\/1331\/7147573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icb\/icad018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-7063","1557-7023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-7063","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]}}}