{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:18:56Z","timestamp":1740143936097,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006482","name":"Council on Ocean Affairs Science and Technology, California State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007812","name":"University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017542","name":"Friday Harbor Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Kelp and other habitat-forming seaweeds in the intertidal zone are exposed to a suite of environmental factors, including temperature and hydrodynamic forces, that can influence their growth, survival, and ecological function. Relatively little is known about the interactive effect of temperature and hydrodynamic forces on kelp, especially the effect of cold stress on biomechanical resistance to hydrodynamic forces. We used the intertidal kelp Egregia menziesii to investigate how freezing in air during a low tide changes the kelp\u2019s resistance to breaking from hydrodynamic forces. We conducted a laboratory experiment to test how short-term freezing, mimicking a brief low-tide freezing event, affected the kelp\u2019s mechanical properties. We also characterized daily minimum winter temperatures in an intertidal E. menziesii population on San Juan Island, WA, near the center of the species\u2019 geographic range. In the laboratory, acute freezing events decreased the strength and toughness of kelp tissue by 8\u201320% (change in medians). During low tides in the field, we documented sub-zero temperatures, snow, and low canopy cover (compared to summer surveys). These results suggest that freezing can contribute to frond breakage and decreased canopy cover in intertidal kelp. Further work is needed to understand whether freezing and the biomechanical performance in cold temperatures influence the fitness and ecological function of kelp and whether this will change as winter conditions, such as freezing events and storms, change in frequency and intensity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icae007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T06:59:45Z","timestamp":1711090785000},"page":"222-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Freezing and Mechanical Failure of a Habitat-Forming Kelp in the Rocky Intertidal Zone"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2632-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina N","family":"Zuelow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science , CSU Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2785-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin T","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology , UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-2335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Burnaford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science , CSU Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4438-8062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas P","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology , UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024091717262105400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(82)90264-X","article-title":"Freezing tolerance in intertidal invertebrates (a review)","volume":"73","author":"Aarset","year":"1982","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol"},{"volume-title":"Marine algae of California","year":"1976","author":"Abbott","key":"2024091717262105400_bib2"},{"key":"2024091717262105400_bib3","first-page":"138","article-title":"Effect of sample treatment on biomechanical properties of insect cuticle","volume":"46","author":"Aberle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthropod\u00a0Struct Dev"},{"key":"2024091717262105400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(88)90134-7","article-title":"Mechanical properties of the tissues of the brown alga Hedophyllum sessile (C. 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