{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:09:04Z","timestamp":1790287744217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Energy demand and supply need to be balanced to preserve myocardial function during paediatric cardiac surgery. After a latent aerobic period, cardiac cells try to maintain energy production by anaerobic metabolism and by extracting oxygen from the given cardioplegic solution. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) changes gradually during the administration of cardioplegia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MVO2 was measured during cardioplegic perfusion in patients younger than 6\u2009months of age (group N: neonates; group I: infants), with a body weight less than 10\u2009kg. Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate crystalloid solution was used for myocardial protection and was administered during a 5-min interval. To measure pO2 values during cardioplegic arrest, a sample of the cardioplegic fluid was taken from the inflow line before infusion. Three fluid samples were taken from the coronary venous effluent 1, 3 and 5\u2009min after the onset of cardioplegia administration. MVO2 was calculated using the Fick principle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of group N was 0.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09 versus 4.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009months in group I. The mean weight was 3.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 versus 5.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u2009kg, respectively. MVO2 decreased similarly in both groups (min 1: 0.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07 vs 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u2009ml\/min; min 3: 0.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 vs 0.17\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09\u2009ml\/min; min 5: 0.05\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 vs 0.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u2009ml\/min).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied MVO2 alterations after aortic cross-clamping and during delivery of cardioplegia in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Extended cardioplegic perfusion significantly reduces energy turnover in hearts because the balance procedures are both volume- and above all time-dependent. A reduction in MVO2 indicates the necessity of a prolonged cardioplegic perfusion time to achieve optimized myocardial protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivaa262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T15:10:43Z","timestamp":1606403443000},"page":"319-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Myocardial oxygen consumption during histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate cardioplegia in young human hearts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5218-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Angeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiac Surgery, S. Orsola University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-2178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"Careddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiac Surgery, S. Orsola University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco D","family":"Petridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiac Surgery, S. Orsola University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea G","family":"Quarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiac Surgery, S. Orsola University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ciuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, S. Orsola University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Balducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, S. Orsola University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3623-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assunta","family":"Fabozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ragni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, S. Orsola University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Donti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, S. 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