{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:37:39Z","timestamp":1762508259253,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We report the first surgical series of patients developing pleural empyema after severe bilateral interstitial lung disease in confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The empyema results in a complex medical challenge that requires combination of medical therapies, mechanical ventilation and surgery. The chest drainage approach was not successful to relieve the symptomatology and to drain the excess fluid. After multidisciplinary discussion, a surgical approach was recommended. Even though decortication and pleurectomy are high-risk procedures, they must be considered as an option for pleural effusion in Coronavirus disease-positive patients. This is a life-treating condition, which can worsen the coronavirus disease manifestation and should be treated immediately to improve patient\u2019s status and chance of recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivaa269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T11:09:46Z","timestamp":1602846586000},"page":"367-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Surgical treatment of pleural empyema in Coronavirus disease 19 patients: the Southern Switzerland experience"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8093-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adele","family":"Tessitore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, San Giovanni Hospital, Ente ospedaliero cantonale Bellinzona, Bellinzona, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7622-9472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Patella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, San Giovanni Hospital, Ente ospedaliero cantonale Bellinzona, Bellinzona, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5831-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Locarno, Locarno, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0255-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Theologou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Freguia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cytopathology Service, Histopathology Service, Locarno, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora Maddalena","family":"Minerva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cytopathology Service, Histopathology Service, Locarno, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Rugel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, San Giovanni Hospital, Ente ospedaliero cantonale Bellinzona, Bellinzona, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Cafarotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, San Giovanni Hospital, Ente ospedaliero cantonale Bellinzona, Bellinzona, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022030919260983300_ivaa269-B1"},{"key":"2022030919260983300_ivaa269-B2"},{"key":"2022030919260983300_ivaa269-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2020.03.006","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) CT findings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2022030919260983300_ivaa269-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.05.016","article-title":"CT imaging features of 34 patients infected with COVID-19","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2022030919260983300_ivaa269-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2019.20176","article-title":"CT findings of COVID-19 in follow-up: comparison between progression and recovery","volume":"26","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2022030919260983300_ivaa269-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.013","article-title":"Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19","volume":"191","author":"Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"2022030919260983300_ivaa269-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W267","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.14445","article-title":"Acute middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: temporal lung changes observed on the chest radiographs of 55 patients","volume":"205","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2022030919260983300_ivaa269-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.11.034","article-title":"The updated ATS\/STS\/STR clinical practice guidelines on the management of malignant 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