{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:09:55Z","timestamp":1777669795995,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013410","name":"LivaNova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2002<\/jats:title>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic performance of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) Implant with a focus on turbulence and washout adjacent to the ventricular surface of the leaflets. TMVR holds the promise of treating a large spectrum of mitral valve diseases. However, the haemodynamic performance and flow dynamics of such replacements are not fully understood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A tri-leaflet biopsrosthetic TMVR represented by Caisson implant of size 36A was implanted in the mitral position of a left heart simulator pulse duplicating system under physiological conditions. The 36A implant covers an anterior\u2013posterior range of 26\u201332 mm and a commissure-to-commissure range of 30\u201336 mm. Transmitral pressure gradient, effective orifice area and regurgitant fraction were calculated. Particle image velocimetry was performed to evaluate turbulence in 2 perpendicular planes (Reynolds and viscous shear stresses, respectively). Additionally, dye experiments were performed to visualize washout.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transmitral pressure gradient was 1.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.27\u2009mmHg and effective orifice area was 2.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.28 cm2. Regurgitant fraction was 14.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08%. Total washout was 4.27 cardiac cycles. Largest viscous shear stress reaches 3.7\u2009Pa and 2.4\u2009Pa in ventricle and atrium, respectively. Reynolds shear stress in the atrial side was &amp;lt;10 Pa. In the ventricular side, the largest Reynolds shear stress reached \u223c35 Pa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>TMVR leads to favourable haemodynamics with low degree of turbulence combined with fast washout around the leaflets indicating promising potential for freedom from blood damage potential and thrombosis corroborated by initial clinical studies as part of the valves\u2019s Early Feasibility Study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivab032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T20:10:09Z","timestamp":1611173409000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Atrial and ventricular flows across a transcatheter mitral valve"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5538-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda","family":"Hatoum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Askegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, LivaNova PLC, Maple Grove, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramji","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, LivaNova PLC, Maple Grove, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Prasad Dasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031517055959200_ivab032-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm001","article-title":"What are the characteristics of patients with severe, symptomatic, mitral regurgitation who are denied surgery?","volume":"28","author":"Mirabel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2022031517055959200_ivab032-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.065","article-title":"Percutaneous transcatheter mitral valve replacement: first-in-human experience with a new transseptal system","volume":"73","author":"Webb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2022031517055959200_ivab032-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003605","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003605","article-title":"Is mitral valve repair superior to mitral valve replacement in elderly patients? 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