{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T16:58:04Z","timestamp":1781974684127,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our goal was to evaluate the effect of thymectomy on the progression of thymolipomatous myasthenia gravis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An electronic search performed across PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases included all article types. We included 15 series comprising 36 cases that met specific criteria, including case reports or case series related to thymolipoma with a myasthenia gravis association, where thymectomy was cited as the primary intervention with postoperative reporting of the prognosis and articles written in the English language.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study included 17 men (47.2%) and 19 women (52.8%). Tumour sizes varied between 34\u2009\u00d7\u200918\u2009\u00d7\u20097\u2009cm and 2.8\u2009\u00d7\u20092.3\u2009\u00d7\u20091.9\u2009cm; the weight of the tumours ranged between 38 and 1780\u2009g (mean 190, standard deviation 341). The surgical approaches were a median sternotomy in 29 patients (80.6%), a thoracotomy in 1 patient (2.8%), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in 2 patients (5.6%) and unreported approaches in 4 (11.1%) patients. The disease was entirely resolved with complete, stable remission in 5 patients (13.9%); symptoms were improved in 19 (52.8%) and stable in 10 patients (27.7%). We identified 2 groups of patients according to their improvement post-thymectomy (improved group and group with no change).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although the cases were uncontrolled and did not demonstrate strong associations, they do support some hypotheses. We found a significant statistical difference between the 2 groups in terms of age, because younger patients tended to improve to a greater degree post-thymectomy. Also, we found that female patients with thymoma visible on the imaging scans were significantly associated with post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis improvement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Registration number in PROSPERO<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42020173229.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivab295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T11:22:12Z","timestamp":1634469732000},"page":"584-589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Thymolipomatous myasthenia gravis outcomes following thymectomy: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeead M","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharifah A","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Sabry","family":"Abdelmotaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Cardiothoracic surgery department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Al Minufiyah, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6668-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farouk","family":"Alreshaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3152-3109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alaklbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0515-8221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatem Y","family":"Elbawab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Aljehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199108000-00012","article-title":"Thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis","volume":"15","author":"Le Marc'hadour","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.923989","article-title":"Thymolipoma association with myasthenia gravis: case report","volume":"21","author":"Othman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.44.141","article-title":"Thymolipoma: clinical and pathological features. Report of three cases and review of literature","volume":"44","author":"Hayashi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kurume Med J"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-009-4042-5","article-title":"Thymolipoma. A report of nine cases, with emphasis on its association with myasthenia gravis","volume":"40","author":"Rieker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt531","article-title":"Analysis of outcomes following surgical treatment of thymolipomatous myasthenia gravis: comparison with thymomatous and non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B6","volume-title":"Evidence-Based Chiropractic Practice","author":"Haneline","year":"2006"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2007.01150.x","article-title":"Mediastinal thymolipoma: an analysis of 10 cases","volume":"12","author":"Damadoglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050178","article-title":"Thymic myoid cell turnover in myasthenia gravis patients and in normal controls","volume":"432","author":"Bornemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1988.tb03612.x","article-title":"Thymolipoma in patients with myasthenia gravis: report of two cases and review","volume":"78","author":"Pan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010-7940(02)00766-2","article-title":"Giant thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis","volume":"23","author":"Cekirdekci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02012975","article-title":"Thymolipoma: computed tomographic appearances","volume":"20","author":"Faerber","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.04.009","article-title":"Inflammatory myopathy associated with myasthenia gravis with and without thymic pathology: report of four cases and literature review","volume":"16","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(96)00376-1","article-title":"Extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis patients: a 20-year review","volume":"62","author":"Masaoka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62185-6","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis with thymoma: analysis of and postoperative prognosis for 65 patients with thymomatous myasthenia gravis","volume":"38","author":"Monden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00424.x","article-title":"Factors influencing the outcome of transsternal thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"112","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.27175","article-title":"A rare combination of thymic tumor: radiologically invisible thymolipoma associated with myasthenia gravis","volume":"54","author":"Kilic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00309395","article-title":"Pathogenesis of thymolipoma: report of three cases","volume":"25","author":"Toyama","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.08.3517","article-title":"Recurrent thymolipoma as initial presentation in late onset myasthenia gravis; a case report","volume":"381","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19821015)50:8<1623::AID-CNCR2820500827>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis","volume":"50","author":"Otto","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.2.216-a","article-title":"Thymolipoma in association with late-onset myasthenia gravis","volume":"47","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492316669643","article-title":"Aortopulmonary ectopic parathyroid gland and concurrent thymolipoma","volume":"24","author":"Abu Abeeleh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"},{"key":"2022040109593067100_ivab295-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-006-0059-5","article-title":"Thymolipoma associated with myasthenia gravis","volume":"55","author":"Tsukioka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icvts\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/584\/43219265\/ivab295.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icvts\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/584\/43219265\/ivab295.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T10:05:58Z","timestamp":1648807558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icvts\/article\/34\/4\/584\/6431977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icvts\/ivab295","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]}}}