{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T08:54:08Z","timestamp":1776329648967,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The B3 downwards-shifting malformation was first proposed by Boyden in 1950. Here, we report 14 cases of this malformation in the right lung and the first case of segmentectomy for this malformation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients with pulmonary lesions underwent three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) between January 2019 and January 2020, prior to surgery. A consecutive 2356 patients were included, and 14 cases of this malformation were identified; bronchovascular patterns were analysed in each patient.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of this malformation was 0.6%. It was further divided into 3 types: over downwards-shift, partial downwards-shift and normal downwards-shift. The normal downwards-shift type was the most common (8\/14), where B3 shifted downwards completely to merge with B4\u2009+\u20095. In the partial downwards-shift (5\/14), only part of the B3 shifted. In the over downwards-shift type (1\/14), both B3 and B1b shifted downwards. A bifurcated right upper lobe \uff08RUL) bronchus (B1 defective) was observed in 3 cases. The incidence of V1a, V1b, V2a, V2b, V2c, V3a, V3b and V3c was 100% (14\/14). The incidence rates of A1, A3a and A3b were 100% (14\/14). The incidence of A2 rec and A2 asc was 92.9% (13\/14) and 71.4% (10\/14), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The B3 downwards-shifting malformation or \u2018Boyden\u2019s triad\u2019 is a rare anomaly. Anatomical exploration of this malformation is important for surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivab325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T11:10:47Z","timestamp":1635333047000},"page":"590-596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Boyden\u2019s triad: the past, present and future"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingchen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Tie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingjian","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B1","volume-title":"The Anatomy of the Bronchial Tree","author":"Brock","year":"1954","edition":"2nd edn."},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B2","first-page":"381","article-title":"An analysis of variations in the bronchial pattern of the right upper lobe of 50 lungs","volume":"97","author":"Boyden","year":"1947","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000790302","article-title":"An analysis of variations in the bronchopulmonary segments of the left upper lobes of fifty lungs","volume":"79","author":"Boyden","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-5588(20)31334-9","article-title":"A study of variations of the bronchopulmonary segments of the right upper lobe","volume":"17","author":"Scannell","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-5588(20)31285-X","article-title":"An analysis of variations in the bronchovascular patterns of the middle lobe in fifty dissected and twenty injected lungs","volume":"21","author":"Boyden","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-017-0754-4","article-title":"Analysis of variation in bronchovascular pattern of the right middle and lower lobes of the lung using three-dimensional CT angiography and bronchography","volume":"65","author":"Nagashima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-018-0964-4","article-title":"Thoracoscopic right middle lobe segmentectomy","volume":"67","author":"Yajima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-015-0531-1","article-title":"An analysis of variations in the bronchovascular pattern of the right upper lobe using three-dimensional CT angiography and bronchography","volume":"63","author":"Nagashima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.12.014","article-title":"Right upper lobe venous drainage posterior to the bronchus intermedius: preoperative identification by computed tomography","volume":"79","author":"Asai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.03.090","article-title":"Comparison of pulmonary segmentectomy and lobectomy: safety results of a randomized trial","volume":"158","author":"Suzuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2022040110003214600_ivab325-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4218","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.09.64","article-title":"The B1 defective type of bifurcated right upper lobe bronchus","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"}],"container-title":["Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icvts\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/590\/43219347\/ivab325.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icvts\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/590\/43219347\/ivab325.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T10:07:55Z","timestamp":1648807675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icvts\/article\/34\/4\/590\/6427303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icvts\/ivab325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]}}}