{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T20:00:10Z","timestamp":1769198410309,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In complex double outlet right ventricle (DORV) patients, the optimal surgical approach may be difficult to assess based on conventional 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) imaging. The aim of this study is to assess the added value of 3-dimensional (3D) printed and 3D virtual reality (3D-VR) models of the heart used for surgical planning in DORV patients, supplementary to the gold standard 2D imaging modalities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five patients with different DORV subtypes and high-quality CT scans were selected retrospectively. 3D prints and 3D-VR models were created. Twelve congenital cardiac surgeons and paediatric cardiologists, from 3 different hospitals, were shown 2D-CT first, after which they assessed the 3D print and 3D-VR models in random order. After each imaging method, a questionnaire was filled in on the visibility of essential structures and the surgical plan.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spatial relationships were generally better visualized using 3D methods (3D printing\/3D-VR) than in 2D. The feasibility of ventricular septum defect patch closure could be determined best using 3D-VR reconstructions (3D-VR 92%, 3D print 66% and US\/CT 46%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). The percentage of proposed surgical plans corresponding to the performed surgical approach was 66% for plans based on US\/CT, 78% for plans based on 3D printing and 80% for plans based on 3D-VR visualization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study shows that both 3D printing and 3D-VR have additional value for cardiac surgeons and cardiologists over 2D imaging, because of better visualization of spatial relationships. As a result, the proposed surgical plans based on the 3D visualizations matched the actual performed surgery to a greater extent.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivad072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T02:09:46Z","timestamp":1684462186000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimized preoperative planning of double outlet right ventricle patients by 3D printing and virtual reality: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8412-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jette J","family":"Peek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter , Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3233-4182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wouter","family":"Bakhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter , Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6118-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir H","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter , Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2806-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin M","family":"Veen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter , Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0153-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arno A W","family":"Roest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0272-5617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"Bruining","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Innovation (KEI), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8257-7759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theo","family":"van Walsum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3150-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G","family":"Hazekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6200-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad J J C","family":"Bogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter , Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023091309533140500_ivad072-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X1999001100005","article-title":"Double outlet right ventricle with anterior and left-sided aorta and subpulmonary ventricular septal defect","volume":"73","author":"Peixoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"2023091309533140500_ivad072-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006891","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.006891","article-title":"Essential modifiers of double outlet right ventricle: revisit with endocardial surface images and 3-dimensional print models","volume":"11","author":"Yim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2023091309533140500_ivad072-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633611","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.633611","article-title":"Cinematic rendering in mixed-reality holograms: a new 3D preoperative planning tool in pediatric heart surgery","volume":"8","author":"Gehrsitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc 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