{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:16:44Z","timestamp":1785550604867,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum have been frequently reported in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), thus complicating the patient\u2019s overall health-care management and survival rate. The goal of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who developed spontaneous pneumothorax (SPN) or spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this Italian multicentre retrospective cohort study, medical records of non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients, from March 2020 to May 2021, were analysed. To reduce the risk of bias due to unbalanced groups, a propensity score matching approach was applied using logistic regression to estimate propensity scores. Separate multivariable generalized linear models were then used to assess the risk of in-hospital death and other outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 474 patients were assessed, 72 of whom developed SPN or SPM. In separate multivariable generalized linear model regression analyses of the unmatched cohort, SPN [odds ratio (OR) 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7\u20135.55; P\u2009=\u20090.031] was associated with an increase in the in-hospital death rate, results confirmed even after matching the 2 cohorts. SPM (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.30, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and SPN (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.26\u20131.43, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) were associated with an increase in the length of hospital stay. The risk of in-hospital death also increased with age, comorbidities (classified by the Charlson comorbidity index) and smoking habits.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SPN in hospitalized COVID-19 patients may be associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death and prolonged hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivaf076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T19:03:48Z","timestamp":1743361428000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and spontaneous pneumothorax: a propensity-matched, multicentre case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5630-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Farronato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital of Florence Careggi , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Travaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Florence Careggi , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Ravasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital of Florence Careggi , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8538-1719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Aprile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Corzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience Sciences, University Hospital of Siena , 53100 Siena,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Sicolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa , 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