{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:48:22Z","timestamp":1793656102464,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pulmoj Srl, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Complex tracheal stenosis poses significant treatment challenges, especially in patients deemed inoperable due to anatomical or clinical factors. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of 2 primary interventions\u2014tracheal resection-anastomosis and tracheal stenting\u2014in an observational, international, retrospective cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter study conducted on adult patients with benign complex tracheal stenosis who underwent either tracheal resection or silicone stent placement between 2009 and 2023, and who had at least 24 months of follow-up after resection-anastomosis or 12 months of follow-up after stent removal. Complete clinical resolution, defined as the absence of symptoms and no need for reintervention 1 year after treatment, was the primary outcome. Secondary analyses assessed the impact of treatment modality and patient risk profile on outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical resolution was achieved in 110 of 125 patients. Resection-anastomosis was associated with significantly higher hazard risk of resolution compared to stenting (adjusted HR\u2009=\u20092.0; 95% CI, 1.26-3.33; P\u2009=\u2009.003). In low-risk patients, surgery was notably superior (crude resolution HR\u2009=\u20093.01; 95% CI, 1.37-7.93, P\u2009=\u2009.004), while outcomes were not significantly different between the two treatments in high-risk patients with cardiorespiratory comorbidities or extended stenosis. Approximately 70% of patients treated with stenting remained symptom-free after 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resection-anastomosis remains the preferred treatment for operable complex tracheal stenosis, offering the highest likelihood of long-term resolution. However, in high-risk or inoperable patients, endoscopic stenting provides a valuable alternative with acceptable outcomes. A tailored, multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize treatment selection and avoid unnecessary tracheotomies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivaf261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:12:10Z","timestamp":1764853930000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stent and Resection Anastomosis in Patients with Complex Tracheal Stenosis: The Stars Retrospective Multicenter Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Marchioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia , Modena 41124,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia , Modena 41124,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia , Modena 41124,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6202-0758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Tonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia , Modena 41124,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia , Modena 41124,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Puggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia , Modena 41124,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Baroncini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia , Modena 41124,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena , Modena 1124,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Serafini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena , Modena 1124,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Livrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia , Modena 41124,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Tabb\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia , Modena 41124,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Othorinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia , Brescia 25123,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Ghidini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Otolaryngology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCSS of Reggio Emilia , Reggio Emilia 42123,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Peretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital , Genoa 16132,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Filauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San 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