{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:31:21Z","timestamp":1789583481590,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with poor outcomes, however, the association of other operating room (OR) times is less understood. We studied the impact of OR times on outcomes and resource utilization after CABG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing isolated primary CABG from a large multicentre regional collaborative were analysed. The impact of risk-adjusted total OR, surgery, non-surgery, CPB, and off-CPB times on morbidity, extubation time, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), cost, and mortality, was studied. Multivariable regressions were performed adjusting for STS predicted risk of morbidity or mortality, intraoperative blood transfusion, CPB time, cross-clamp time, presence of a cardiothoracic surgery fellowship program, and year of surgery. Our adjustment accounted for patient and intraoperative factors that contribute to complexity and intraoperative course of surgery. All models incorporated centre as a random effect to account for hospital-level variations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 29\u00a0206 patients (mean age 64.8\u2009years, 76% male), median OR, surgery, non-surgery, and CPB times were 308, 235, 72, and 141\u2009minutes, respectively. Longer surgery times were significantly associated with complications, prolonged ventilation, longer ICU and hospital LOS, and mortality. Similarly, increasing non-surgery OR time was significantly associated with worse outcomes, including longer LOS and complications. Each additional 15\u2009minutes in the OR was associated with increased odds of complications, mortality, and cost.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longer non-surgical OR times are associated with adverse outcomes and increased cost. Improving OR efficiency may contribute to better patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivaf304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:54:41Z","timestamp":1765976081000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Operating Room Efficiencies on Patient Outcomes Following Primary Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6369-2759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay A","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA, 23219,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"El Moheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 22908,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Strobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 22908,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony V","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 22908,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander M","family":"Wisniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 22908,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 22908,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 22908,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 22908,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan P","family":"Rotar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 22908,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulla","family":"Damluji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Heart and Vascular Institute , Falls Church, VA, 22042,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C","family":"Kontos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA, 23219,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Speir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Heart and Vascular Institute , Falls Church, VA, 22042,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mazzeffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 22908,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Beller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Heart and Vascular Institute , Falls Church, VA, 22042,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Heart and Vascular Institute , Falls Church, VA, 22042,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine , Roanoke, VA, 23219,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford E","family":"Fonner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Cardiac Services Quality Initiative , South Riding, VA, 20152,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ourania","family":"Preventza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, 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