{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T12:53:35Z","timestamp":1782305615602,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hybrid operating rooms (HORs) incorporating robotic C-arm systems facilitate concurrent localization and resection of small pulmonary nodules, albeit with significant cost barriers. Contemporary mobile 3 D C-arm systems may provide superior soft tissue visualization with enhanced economic viability and accessibility. This prospective single-arm clinical pilot trial was designed to assess the technical feasibility, clinical efficacy, and procedural safety of employing mobile 3 D C-arm technology for single-stage localization and excision of small pulmonary nodules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients presenting with small and\/or deep-seated lung tumors necessitating preoperative localization were eligible for inclusion. Two distinct mobile 3 D C-arm systems (Cios Spin and Ziehm Vision RFD 3 D) were employed. The primary end-points included the rate of successful tumour localization and the time required to complete the localization procedure. Secondary end-points encompassed perioperative complications and radiation exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study cohort included 41 patients with lung tumors measuring a median diameter of 7.30 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.00-9.20 mm) and a median depth of 10.00 mm (IQR: 2.00-18.00 mm). Successful localization was achieved in 40 patients, yielding a success rate of 97.6%. In one case, inadequate lesion visualization using the mobile 3 D C-arm necessitated localization in a hybrid operating room. The mean localization time was 27.17\u2009\u00b1\u200910.38 min, and the median radiation exposure was 531.04 \u03bcGy\u2009m2 (IQR: [297.12-870.98] \u03bcGy\u2009m2). All patients were successfully discharged, with a median postoperative hospital stay of 3 days (IQR: 3-3 days).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results support the technical feasibility, clinical efficacy, and procedural safety of mobile 3 D C-arm systems for single-stage localization and resection of small pulmonary nodules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04974632.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivaf313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T12:41:27Z","timestamp":1766320887000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feasibility and Efficacy of Mobile Three-Dimensional c-Arm Systems for Single-Stage Localization and Resection of Small Pulmonary Nodules: A Pilot Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5382-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Yueh","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 333,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 333,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital , New Taipei City 236,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pin-Li","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 333,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8649-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin-Kai","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 333,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012304320909200_ivaf313-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.2.563","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for small indeterminate pulmonary 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