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Cell viability, apoptosis, invasive capacity and mRNA expression of adhesion- and metastasis-related molecules in each group were detected. To explore in greater detail the potential reasons for the changes in biological behaviour under the high-pressure CO2 environment, we designed 3 additional experimental groups: (i) high-pressure group, (ii) hypoxia group and (iii) pH decrease group. An miRNA microarray analysis was performed by comparing 2 paired samples of cells from the high-pressure group and the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with high-pressure CO2 pneumothorax significantly increased the cell viability (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and the cell invasion (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Significantly higher expression of adhesive- and metastasis-related molecules was also observed. Further experiments indicated that the high-pressure CO2 pneumothorax might increase cell invasion and metastasis through the high pressure and decreased pH. The miRNA microarray analysis results suggested that several potential pathways related to cancer development: the RhoA pathway, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway and the MAPK signalling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The application of high-pressure CO2 pneumothorax promoted the invasion and metastasis of oesophageal cancer cells through high pressure and decreased pH. This process might be related to several signalling pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivz085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T12:11:20Z","timestamp":1551355880000},"page":"275-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High-pressure artificial pneumothorax promotes invasion and metastasis of oesophageal cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic 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