{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T22:13:25Z","timestamp":1791756805585,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                    <jats:p>Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is one of the most common thoracic diseases affecting adolescents and young adults. Despite the high incidence of PSP and the availability of several international guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment, a significant behavioural heterogeneity can be found among those management recommendations. A working group of the Italian Society of Thoracic Surgery summarized the best evidence available on PSP management with the methodological tool of a systematic review assessing the quality of previously published guidelines with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II. Concerning PSP physiopathology, the literature seems to be equally divided between those who support the hypothesis of a direct correlation between changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature and the incidence of PSP, so it is not currently possible to confirm or reject this theory with reasonable certainty. Regarding the choice between conservative treatment and chest drainage in the first episode, there is no evidence on whether one option is superior to the other. Video-assisted thoracic surgery represents the most common and preferred surgical approach. A primary surgical approach to patients with their first PSP seems to guarantee a lower recurrence rate than that of a primary approach consisting of a chest drainage positioning; conversely, the percentage of futile surgical interventions that would entail this aggressive attitude must be carefully evaluated. Surgical pleurodesis is recommended and frequently performed to limit recurrences; talc poudrage offers efficient pleurodesis, but a considerable number of surgeons are concerned about administering this inert material to young patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42018084247.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivz290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T15:10:08Z","timestamp":1573657808000},"page":"337-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Epidemiology and management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4303-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Mendogni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplant Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Vannucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ghisalberti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-4535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Anile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5326-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Aramini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Congedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8571-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Nosotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplant Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1153-3334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bertolaccini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Collaborators of the Pneumothorax Working Group, on behalf of the Italian Society for Thoracic Surgery (endorsed by the Italian Ministry of Health) Collaborators of the Pneumothorax Working Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambra Enrica","family":"D\u2019Ambrosio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, A.O.R.N.A.S. Garibaldi Nesima, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Vico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Guerrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Torino, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Imbriglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pardolesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Foundation IRCCS National Cancer Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Schiavon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS ISMETT \u2013 UPMC, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206577","article-title":"Epidemiology of spontaneous pneumothorax: gender-related differences","volume":"70","author":"Bobbio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14299","article-title":"Trends in the incidence and recurrence of inpatient-treated spontaneous pneumothorax, 1968-2016","volume":"320","author":"Hallifax","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.9.805","article-title":"Recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"52","author":"Sadikot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.98.2.341","article-title":"Computed tomography in the etiologic assessment of idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"98","author":"Lesur","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10061372","article-title":"Current aspects of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"10","author":"Schramel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200602-259OC","article-title":"Fluorescein-enhanced autofluorescence thoracoscopy in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax and normal subjects","volume":"174","author":"Noppen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.6.2083","article-title":"Lung density measurements in spontaneous pneumothorax demonstrate airtrapping","volume":"125","author":"Smit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4436-y","article-title":"Management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax by intensivists: an international survey","volume":"42","author":"Contou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00220-9","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax: time to rethink management?","volume":"3","author":"Bintcliffe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.03.025","article-title":"Accuracy of targeted wire guided tube thoracostomy in comparison to classical surgical chest tube placement\u2014a clinical study","volume":"46","author":"Protic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy199","article-title":"A project to assess the quality of the published guidelines for managing primary spontaneous pneumothorax from the Italian Society of Thoracic Surgeons","volume":"54","author":"Bertolaccini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B13","first-page":"619","article-title":"Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium following Valsalva's maneuver during marijuana smoking","volume":"84","author":"Birrer","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Y State J Med"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.07.039","article-title":"Emphysema and secondary pneumothorax in young adults smoking cannabis","volume":"32","author":"Beshay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2007.01186.x","article-title":"Bullous lung disease due to marijuana","volume":"13","author":"Hii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492313478954","article-title":"Does cannabis smoking predispose to lung bulla formation?","volume":"22","author":"Fiorelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx160","article-title":"Cannabis increased the risk of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in tobacco smokers: a case\u2013control study","volume":"52","author":"Hedevang Olesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2018.01.017","article-title":"Effect of cannabis and tobacco on emphysema in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"99","author":"Ruppert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000157998.68800.cb","article-title":"Bong lung: regular smokers of cannabis show relatively distinctive histologic changes that predispose to pneumothorax","volume":"29","author":"Gill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.3.676","article-title":"Atmospheric pressure changes and outdoor temperature changes in relation to spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"116","author":"Smit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007630903188","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax related with climatic characteristics in the Valencia area (Spain)","volume":"16","author":"Suarez-Varela","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.8.666","article-title":"Epidemiology of pneumothorax in England","volume":"55","author":"Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000094266","article-title":"Risk factors of spontaneous pneumothorax in Kuwait","volume":"15","author":"Ayed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1185721","article-title":"The role of meteorological conditions on the development of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"57","author":"\u00c7elik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B25","first-page":"E151","article-title":"Weather and chinook winds in relation to spontaneous pneumothoraces","volume":"52","author":"Schieman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivv145","article-title":"Do atmospheric conditions influence the first episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?","volume":"21","author":"Heyndrickx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.3.659","article-title":"The role of atmospheric pressure variation in the development of spontaneous pneumothoraces","volume":"139","author":"Scott","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.007385","article-title":"Music: a new cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"59","author":"Noppen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.04.006","article-title":"Influence of atmospheric pressure, outdoor temperature, and weather phases on the onset of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"15","author":"Bulajich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.217.329","article-title":"Meteorological conditions related to the onset of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"217","author":"\u00d6zpolat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2009.01684.x","article-title":"Seasonal variation in the incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax and its association with climate: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B32","first-page":"238","article-title":"Analysis of incidence and treatment of pneumothorax in five-year period in Kragujevac","volume":"65","author":"Spasic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Rev"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-010-4482-y","article-title":"Does pneumothorax occurrence correlate with a change in the weather?","volume":"41","author":"Obuchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000336213","article-title":"Climatic conditions and the onset of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: an investigation of the influence of solar terms","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.5761\/atcs.oa.12.01884","article-title":"Influence of weather conditions on the onset of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: positive association with decreased atmospheric pressure","volume":"19","author":"Haga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cireng.2013.02.016","article-title":"Influence of atmospheric pressure on the incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"92","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cir Esp (English Edition)"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-014-1014-1","article-title":"Analysis of spontaneous pneumothorax in the city of Cuneo: environmental correlations with meteorological and air pollutant variables","volume":"45","author":"Bertolaccini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.2015.11681113","article-title":"Do atmospheric changes and the synodic lunar cycle affect the development of spontaneous pneumothorax?","volume":"115","author":"Araz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Chir Belg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12562","article-title":"Atmospheric temperature and pressure influence the onset of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"12","author":"Motono","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-006-0047-y","article-title":"Ultrasound diagnosis of pneumothorax","volume":"111","author":"Garofalo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-012-1091-7","article-title":"Value of ultrasound in diagnosis of pneumothorax: a prospective study","volume":"20","author":"Jalli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000363","article-title":"Effectiveness of bedside lung ultrasound for clinical follow-up of primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients treated with tube thoracostomy","volume":"34","author":"Karagoz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-018-1640-9","article-title":"Use of ultrasonography for differentiation between bullae and pneumothorax","volume":"26","author":"Karacabey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2017.06.015","article-title":"Added value of bone subtraction in dual-energy digital radiography in the detection of pneumothorax: impact of reader expertise and medical specialty","volume":"25","author":"Urbaneja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.01.002","article-title":"The utility of computed tomography in the management of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"46","author":"Laituri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71.","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-6-71","article-title":"The feasibility of axial and coronal combined imaging using multi-detector row computed tomography for the diagnosis and treatment of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12229","article-title":"Detection of blebs and bullae in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax by multi-detector CT reconstruction using different slice thicknesses","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.59.12.854","article-title":"Pleural diseases, 4th edn: Richard W Light (pp 413, $115.00) 2001. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","volume":"59","author":"Tattersfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii18","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136986","article-title":"Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010","volume":"65","author":"MacDuff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00219214","article-title":"ERS task force statement: diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"46","author":"Tschopp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B51","first-page":"CD010565","article-title":"Conservative versus interventional management for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults","volume":"12","author":"Ashby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.2.335","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax. Comparison of thoracic drainage vs immediate or delayed needle aspiration","volume":"108","author":"Andrivet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.08.005","article-title":"A prospective, randomised trial of pneumothorax therapy: manual aspiration versus conventional chest tube drainage","volume":"106","author":"Parlak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6965.1338","article-title":"Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with normal lungs. British Thoracic Society Research Committee","volume":"309","author":"Harvey","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1037","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.10.120","article-title":"Needle aspiration should be considered as primary intervention option for stable patients with spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"9","author":"Thelle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.12.008","article-title":"Percutaneous aspiration versus tube drainage for spontaneous pneumothorax: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Aguinagalde","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1609011","article-title":"Burden between undersupply and overtreatment in the care of primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"66","author":"Hofmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy003","article-title":"Surgical treatment versus conventional chest tube drainage in primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Olesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/14017431.2017.1316419","article-title":"Recurrence rate after thoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"51","author":"Dagneg\u00e5rd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23417","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracoscopic treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in older children and adolescents","volume":"51","author":"Ciriaco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.06.034","article-title":"Mechanical pleurodesis does not reduce recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax: a randomized trial","volume":"98","author":"Min","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00140806","article-title":"Surgical pleurodesis for Vanderschueren's stage III primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"31","author":"Rena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezv195","article-title":"Surgical management of spontaneous pneumothorax: are there any prognostic factors influencing postoperative complications?","volume":"49","author":"Delpy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1629909","article-title":"Which is the best minimal invasive approach for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax? Uniport, two, or three ports: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"66","author":"Kutluk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.10.025","article-title":"Videothoracoscopic talc poudrage in primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a single-institution experience in 861 cases","volume":"131","author":"Cardillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.06.026","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy and talc poudrage for spontaneous pneumothoraces: effect on short-term lung function","volume":"140","author":"Dubois","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-016-1452-z","article-title":"Outcome and risk factors of recurrence after thoracoscopic bullectomy in young adults with primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"47","author":"Nakayama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-019-0848-4","article-title":"Neo-generation of neogenetic bullae after surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults: a prospective study","volume":"14","author":"Onuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.10.024","article-title":"Optimal surgical technique in spontaneous pneumothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Sudduth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2020022609300370500_ivz290-B70","first-page":"273","article-title":"[Pleural talcage in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax]","volume":"37","author":"Vanderschueren","year":"1981","journal-title":"Poumon Coeur"}],"container-title":["Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icvts\/article-pdf\/30\/3\/337\/32651262\/ivz290.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icvts\/article-pdf\/30\/3\/337\/32651262\/ivz290.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T09:30:48Z","timestamp":1582709448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icvts\/article\/30\/3\/337\/5681660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icvts\/ivz290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]}}}