{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:11:46Z","timestamp":1791216706880,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["53155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["53155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP111969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP111969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The PROBIT trial","award":["ISRCTN-37687716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISRCTN-37687716"]}]},{"name":"Early Nutrition Programming Long-term Efficacy and Safety","award":["FOODDT- 2005\u2013007036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOODDT- 2005\u2013007036"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"USA National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 HD050758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD050758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"United Kingdom Medical Research Council"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12013\/ 1\u20139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12013\/ 1\u20139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The NIHR Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012141","name":"University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most studies of associations between child growth and cognitive ability were based on size at one or two ages and a single measure of cognition. We aimed to characterize different aspects of early growth and their associations with cognitive outcomes in childhood through adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a sample of 12\u2009368 Belarusian children born at term, we examined associations of length\/height and weight trajectories over the first 6.5\u2009years of life with cognitive ability at 6.5 and 16\u2009years and its change over time. We estimated growth trajectories using two random-effects models\u2014the SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation to model overall patterns of growth and the Jenss-Bayley to distinguish growth in infancy from post infancy. Cognitive ability was measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence at 6.5\u2009years and the computerized NeuroTrax test at 16\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher length\/height between birth and 6.5\u2009years was associated with higher cognitive scores at 6.5 and 16\u2009years {2.7 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1, 3.2] and 2.5 points [95% CI: 1.9, 3.0], respectively, per standard deviation [SD] increase}. A 1-SD delay in the childhood height-growth spurt was negatively associated with cognitive scores [\u20132.4 (95% CI: \u20133.0, \u20131.8) at age 6.5; \u20132.2 (95% CI: \u20132.7, \u20131.6) at 16\u2009years]. Birth size and post-infancy growth velocity were positively associated with cognitive scores at both ages. Height trajectories were not associated with the change in cognitive score. Similar results were observed for weight trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among term infants, the overall size, timing of the childhood growth spurt, size at birth and post-infancy growth velocity were all associated with cognitive ability at early-school age and adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T13:10:34Z","timestamp":1589548234000},"page":"1998-2009","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Early childhood growth trajectory and later cognitive ability: evidence from a large prospective birth cohort of healthy term-born children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8690-2264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6418-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan Y","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Research Team on Early Life Origins of Health, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Esther","family":"Perez Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2513-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Oken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungmi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021012314402958800_dyaa105-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2009.01.002","article-title":"Investing in early human development: timing and economic 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