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We investigated this relationship in two large prospective cohorts, the Nurses\u2019 Health Study (NHS) and NHSII.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, analyses included 110\u00a0305 NHS participants (1976\u20132016) and 112\u00a0859 NHSII participants (1989\u20132017). Self-reported early life smoking exposures were queried at baseline or follow-up questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of ovarian cancer overall and by tumour histotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, ovarian cancer risk was not different among participants whose mothers did versus did not smoke during pregnancy (HR\u2009=\u20091.05, 95% CI: 0.87\u20131.27); however, an increased risk was observed among women who themselves were never smokers (HR\u2009=\u20091.38, 95% CI: 1.05\u20131.81) but not among ever smokers (HR\u2009=\u20090.86, 95% CI: 0.66\u20131.14; Pheterogeneity = 0.02). Compared with women who never smoked, ovarian cancer risk was similar for women who started to smoke at age &amp;lt;18 (HR\u2009=\u20090.98, 95% CI: 0.86\u20131.11) or \u226518 (HR\u2009=\u20091.02, 95% CI: 0.93\u20131.12). These associations did not differ by histotype (Pheterogeneity \u22650.35). Parental smoking in the home during childhood\/adolescence was related to a 15% increased risk of ovarian cancer in adulthood (HR\u2009=\u20091.15, 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.27) and this association was suggestively stronger among women with non-serous\/low-grade serous tumours (HR\u2009=\u20091.28, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.61) versus high-grade serous\/poorly differentiated tumours (HR\u2009=\u20091.09, 95% CI: 0.93\u20131.28; Pheterogeneity = 0.25).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to parental tobacco smoke in the home, but not early initiation of smoking, was associated with a modest elevated risk of ovarian cancer. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T12:14:13Z","timestamp":1611922453000},"page":"965-974","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Early life exposure to tobacco smoke and ovarian cancer risk in adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary K","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Vinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle E","family":"Jake-Schoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley S","family":"Tworoger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. 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