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Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both parental and neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES) are linked to poorer health independently of personal SES measures, but the biological mechanisms are unclear. Our objective was to examine these influences via epigenetic age acceleration (EAA)\u2014the discrepancy between chronological and epigenetic ages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined three USA-based [Coronary Artery Risk Disease in Adults (CARDIA) study, Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) and Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS)] and one Mexico-based (Project Viva) cohort. DNA methylation was measured using Illumina arrays, personal\/parental SES by questionnaire and neighbourhood disadvantage from geocoded address. In CARDIA, we examined the most strongly associated personal, parental and neighbourhood SES measures with EAA (Hannum\u2019s method) at study years 15 and 20 separately and combined using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) and compared with other EAA measures (Horvath\u2019s EAA, PhenoAge and GrimAge calculators, and DunedinPoAm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EAA was associated with paternal education in CARDIA [GEEs: \u03b2some college\u2009= \u22121.01\u2009years (\u22121.91, \u22120.11) and \u03b2&amp;lt;high school\u2009=\u20091.05 (0.09, 2.01) vs college graduates] and FFCWS [GEEs: \u03b2&amp;lt;high school\u2009=\u20090.62 (0.00, 1.24)]. We found stronger associations for some paternal education categories among White adults (for GEE, \u03b2some college\u2009=\u2009\u22121.39 (\u22122.41, \u22120.38)], men (\u03b2some college\u2009=\u2009\u22121.76 (\u22123.16, \u22120.35)] and women [\u03b2&amp;lt;high school\u2009=\u20091.77 (0.42, 3.11)].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that EAA captures epigenetic impacts of paternal education independently of personal SES later in life. Longitudinal studies should explore these associations at different life stages and link them to health outcomes. EAA could be a useful biomarker of SES-associated health and provide important insight into the pathogenesis and prevention of chronic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T07:26:03Z","timestamp":1631085963000},"page":"870-884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Impact of paternal education on epigenetic ageing in adolescence and mid-adulthood: a multi-cohort study in the USA and Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5271-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian T","family":"Joyce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalsea","family":"Koss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Heiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. 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