{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:54:43Z","timestamp":1792108483080,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OPP1021542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1021542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OPP113707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP113707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002992","name":"Department for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["093768\/Z\/10\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["093768\/Z\/10\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108065\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108065\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203905\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203905\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009131","name":"Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01HD060338-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01HD060338-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCA2017\u20130002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCA2017\u20130002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Globally, 15 million children are born preterm each year and 10.7 million are born at term but with low birthweight (&amp;lt;2500\u2009g).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) cluster-randomized trial enrolled 5280 pregnant women between 22 November 2012 and\u00a027 March 2015 to test the impact of improved water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and improved infant feeding, on child growth and anaemia. We conducted a secondary analysis to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, size small for gestational age (SGA), low birthweight (LBW), perinatal mortality, and neonatal mortality, and to estimate the effects of adverse birth outcomes on infant survival and growth.\u00a0<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of adverse birth outcomes was: miscarriage: 5.0%\u00a0[95% confidence interval (CI), 4.4, 5.7]; stillbirth:\u00a02.3% (95% CI 1.9, 2.7);\u00a0preterm birth: 18.2% (95% CI 16.9, 19.5); SGA: 16.1% (95% CI 15.0, 17.3); LBW: 9.8% (95% CI 9.0, 10.7); and\u00a0neonatal mortality:\u00a031.4\/1000 live births (95% CI 26.7, 36.5). Modifiable risk factors included maternal HIV infection, anaemia, lack of antenatal care and non-institutional delivery. Preterm infants had higher neonatal mortality [risk ratio (RR): 6.1 (95% CI 4.0, 9.2)], post-neonatal infant mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 2.1 (95% CI 1.1, 4.1)] and stunting at 18\u2009months of age [RR: 1.5 (95% CI 1.4, 1.7)] than term infants; 56% of stillbirths and 57% of neonatal deaths were among preterm births.\u00a0<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neonatal mortality and stillbirth are high in Zimbabwe and appear to be driven by high preterm birth. Interventions for primary prevention of preterm birth and strengthened\u00a0management of preterm labour and ill and small neonates are required to reduce neonatal mortality in Zimbabwe and other African countries with similar profiles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T20:14:26Z","timestamp":1637007266000},"page":"1785-1799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence, risk factors and short-term consequences of adverse birth outcomes in Zimbabwean pregnant women: a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8080-7573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Chasekwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research , Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ntozini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research , Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence D","family":"Majo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research , Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naume","family":"Tavengwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research , Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batsirai","family":"Mutasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research , Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Koyratty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostics, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Maluccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Middlebury College , Middlebury, VT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research , Harare, Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London, UK"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean H","family":"Humphrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research , Harare, Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research , Harare, Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostics, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61698-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000\u201313, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis","volume":"385","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j3677","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3677","article-title":"Estimates of burden and consequences of infants born small for gestational age in low and middle income countries with INTERGROWTH-21(st) standard: analysis of CHERG\u00a0datasets","volume":"358","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60993-9","article-title":"Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: a pooled country analysis","volume":"382","author":"Katz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt109","article-title":"Risk of childhood undernutrition related to small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"42","author":"Christian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31575-6","article-title":"Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1592S","article-title":"The epidemiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes: an overview","volume":"133","author":"Kramer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e710","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30163-9","article-title":"National, regional, and global levels and trends in neonatal mortality between 1990 and 2017, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hug","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011088","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011088","article-title":"Weekly miscarriage rates in a community-based prospective cohort study in rural western Kenya","volume":"6","author":"Dellicour","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0525-4","article-title":"Early pregnancy loss in Belagavi, Karnataka, India 2014\u20132017: a prospective population-based observational study in a low-resource setting","volume":"15","author":"Dhaded","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.099","article-title":"Age-specific risk of fetal loss observed in a second trimester serum screening population","volume":"192","author":"Wyatt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B12","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001080","article-title":"Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities","volume":"8","author":"Oestergaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","article-title":"National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications","volume":"379","author":"Blencowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S716","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ847","article-title":"Using geographic information systems and spatial analysis methods to assess household water access and sanitation coverage in the SHINE Trial","volume":"61","author":"Ntozini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1939-0","article-title":"Progress towards malaria elimination in Zimbabwe with special reference to the period 2003\u20132015","volume":"16","author":"Sande","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz664","article-title":"Determinants of urogenital schistosomiasis among pregnant women and its association with pregnancy outcomes, neonatal deaths, and child growth","volume":"223","author":"Murenjekwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B18","first-page":"S685","article-title":"The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial: rationale, design, and methods","volume":"61(Suppl 7","author":"SHINE Trial team","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30374-7","article-title":"Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on child stunting and anaemia in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised trial","volume":"7","author":"Humphrey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30340-7","article-title":"Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on stunting and anaemia among HIV-exposed children in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Prendergast","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199393","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199393","article-title":"Measuring wealth in rural communities: lessons from the Sanitation, Hygiene, Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial","volume":"13","author":"Chasekwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B22","volume-title":"The Coping Strategy Index: A Tool for Rapid Measurement of Household Food Security and the Impact of Food Aid Programs in Humanitarian Emergencies","author":"Maxwell","year":"2003"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S745","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ851","article-title":"Assessing maternal capabilities in the SHINE trial: highlighting a hidden link in the causal pathway to child health","volume":"61","author":"Matare","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa255","article-title":"Maternal capabilities are associated with child caregiving behaviors among women in rural Zimbabwe","volume":"151","author":"Matare","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13122","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13122","article-title":"Maternal caregiving capabilities are associated with child linear growth in rural Zimbabwe","volume":"17","author":"Tome","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-009-0073-6","article-title":"Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale among women in a high HIV prevalence area in urban Zimbabwe","volume":"13","author":"Chibanda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6","article-title":"International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project","volume":"384","author":"Villar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983532","volume-title":"Bootstrapping: A Nonparametric Approach to Statistical Inference","author":"Mooney","year":"1993"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61490-2","article-title":"International standards for fetal growth based on serial ultrasound measurements: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project","volume":"384","author":"Papageorghiou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.4.650","article-title":"Anthropometric reference data for international use: recommendations from a World Health Organization Expert Committee","volume":"64","author":"De Onis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2017.v107i7.12255","article-title":"Mid-upper arm circumference: a surrogate for body mass index in pregnant women","volume":"107","author":"Fakier","year":"2017","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02143.x","article-title":"Haemoglobin adjustments to define anaemia","volume":"13","author":"Sullivan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B33","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software. Release 14","author":"StataCorp LP","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25524","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25524","article-title":"Use of data from various sources to evaluate and improve the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme in Zimbabwe: a data integration exercise","volume":"23","author":"Sibanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intern Aids Soc"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e849","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30565-5","article-title":"National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Blencowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2012.01308.x","article-title":"Maternal nutrition and birth outcomes: effect of balanced protein-energy supplementation","volume":"26","author":"Imdad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00394-9","article-title":"Revisiting maternal and child undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries: variable progress towards an unfinished agenda","volume":"397","author":"Victora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B38","first-page":"1","article-title":"The associations of parity and maternal age with small-for-gestational-age, preterm, and neonatal and infant mortality: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Kozuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60792-3","article-title":"Can available interventions end preventable deaths in mothers, newborn babies, and stillbirths, and at what cost?","volume":"384","author":"Bhutta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-16-00054","article-title":"Perinatal mortality due to pre-eclampsia in Africa: a comprehensive and integrated approach is needed","volume":"4","author":"Omotayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob Health Sci Pract"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2012-0295","article-title":"Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and preterm birth: associations and mechanisms","volume":"41","author":"Shapiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2021.32","article-title":"The Friendship Bench as a brief psychological intervention with peer support in rural Zimbabwean women: a mixed methods pilot evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Fernando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Ment Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B43","first-page":"CD001059","article-title":"Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems","volume":"10","author":"Hofmeyr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32973-3","article-title":"Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preterm delivery in nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy (ASPIRIN): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"395","author":"Hoffman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30371-6","article-title":"Modifiers of the effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on stillbirth, birth outcomes, and infant mortality: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from 17 randomised trials in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0175554","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175554","article-title":"Global trends in dietary micronutrient supplies and estimated prevalence of inadequate intakes","volume":"12","author":"Beal","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.242503","article-title":"Adherence-specific social support enhances adherence to calcium supplementation regimens among pregnant women","volume":"147","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12521","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12521","article-title":"With adaptation, the WHO guidelines on calcium supplementation for prevention of pre-eclampsia are adopted by pregnant women","volume":"14","author":"Omotayo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B49","first-page":"e123331","article-title":"Adherence partners are an acceptable behaviour change strategy to support calcium and iron-folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Ethiopia and Kenya","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"2022121414383817600_dyab248-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.4081\/jphr.2015.582","article-title":"Cluster-randomized non-inferiority trial to compare supplement consumption and adherence to different dosing regimens for antenatal calcium and iron-folic acid supplementation to prevent preeclampsia and anaemia: rationale and design of the Micronutrient Initiative study","volume":"4","author":"Omotayo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Public Health Res"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-pdf\/51\/6\/1785\/47882170\/dyab248.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-pdf\/51\/6\/1785\/47882170\/dyab248.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T14:41:00Z","timestamp":1671028860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article\/51\/6\/1785\/6454750"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyab248","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5771","1464-3685"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5771","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3685","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]}}}