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In a nationwide study in a viral hepatitis endemic region and with confirmation in another population-based sample, we examined associations between parental hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections and risks of cancers in offspring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included all children born in Taiwan in 2004\u20132014 (N\u2009=\u20092\u2009079\u2009037) with 2160 cancer cases ascertained from the Cancer Registry. We estimated risks for paediatric cancers using Cox proportional-hazard regressions. We checked these associations in a nationwide case\u2013control study in Denmark (6422 cases, 160\u2009522 controls).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Taiwan, paternal HBV was related to child\u2019s hepatoblastoma [hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20091.77, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.05, 2.97] when identified at any time in the medical record, and when analyses were limited to hepatitis diagnoses occurring before the child\u2019s birth, risks increased (HR\u2009=\u20092.08, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.13\u20133.80). Paternal HCV was related to child\u2019s non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR\u2009=\u20092.06, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.13\u20133.74). Maternal HCV was weakly related to increased risks of all childhood cancers [all types combined; HR\u2009=\u20091.45, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.95\u20132.22]. The population-attributable fraction of hepatoblastoma for maternal, paternal and child HBV was 2.6%, 6.8% and 2.8%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parental HBV and HCV may be risk factors for hepatic and non-hepatic cancers in children. If associations are causal, then parental screening and treatment with antivirals may prevent some paediatric cancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T20:14:55Z","timestamp":1638908095000},"page":"448-457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cohort study of familial viral hepatitis and risks of paediatric cancers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8713-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia E","family":"Heck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas , Denton, TX, USA"},{"name":"Center for Racial and Ethnic Equity in Health and Society, University of North Texas , Denton, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Kai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences , Beitou\u00a0Dist, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Racial and Ethnic Equity in Health and Society, University of North Texas , Denton, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kara W","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myron","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Liver Center, Geffen School of Medicine and Ronald Reagan Medical Center, UCLA , Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Federman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA , Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California (UCLA) , Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onyebuchi A","family":"Arah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California (UCLA) , Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Statistics, UCLA College of Letters and Science , Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health UCLA , Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorn","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University , Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9342-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnni","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer 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