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Biomarkers that may help predict or diagnose pancreatic cancer may lead to earlier diagnosis and improved survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) recruited 512\u2009891 adults aged 30\u201379\u2009years during 2004\u201308, recording 702 incident cases of pancreatic cancer during 9\u2009years of follow-up. We conducted a case-subcohort study measuring 92 proteins in 610 cases and a subcohort of 623 individuals, using the OLINK immuno-oncology panel in stored baseline plasma samples. Cox regression with the Prentice pseudo-partial likelihood was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of pancreatic cancer by protein levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1233 individuals (including 610 cases), several chemokines, interleukins, growth factors and membrane proteins were associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, with adjusted HRs per 1 standard deviation (SD) of 0.86 to 1.86, including monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3\/CCL7) {1.29 [95% CI (confidence interval) (1.10, 1.51)]}, angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) [1.27 (1.10, 1.48)], interleukin-18 (IL18) [1.24 (1.07, 1.43)] and interleukin-6 (IL6) [1.21 (1.06, 1.38)]. Associations between some proteins [e.g. matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 [TNFRSF9)] and risk of pancreatic cancer were time-varying, with higher levels associated with higher short-term risk. Within the first year, the discriminatory ability of a model with known risk factors (age, age squared, sex, region, smoking, alcohol, education, diabetes and family history of cancer) was increased when several proteins were incorporated (weighted C-statistic changed from 0.85 to 0.99; P for difference\u2009=\u20094.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u20135), although only a small increase in discrimination (0.77 to 0.79, P\u2009=\u20090.04) was achieved for long-term risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several plasma proteins were associated with subsequent diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The potential clinical utility of these biomarkers warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T20:11:16Z","timestamp":1640981476000},"page":"817-829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Circulating proteins and risk of pancreatic cancer: a case-subcohort study among Chinese adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Christiana","family":"Kartsonaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford , Oxford, 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