{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:52:23Z","timestamp":1768881143562,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N013867\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N013867\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001282","name":"UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001282","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre"},{"name":"NIHR Children and Families Policy Research Unit"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The debated link between severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in early life and asthma has yet to be investigated within a social inequity lens. We estimated the magnitude of socioeconomic disparity in childhood asthma which would remain if no child were admitted to hospital for bronchiolitis, commonly due to RSV, during infancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cohort, constructed from national administrative health datasets, comprised 83853 children born in Scotland between 1 January 2007 and 31 June 2008. Scottish Index for Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) was used to capture socioeconomic position. Emergency admissions for bronchiolitis before age 1\u2009year were identified from hospital records. Yearly indicators of asthma\/wheeze from ages 2 to 9\u2009years were created using dispensing data and hospital admission records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using latent class growth analysis, we identified four trajectories of asthma\/wheeze: early-transient (2.2% of the cohort), early-persistent (2.0%), intermediate-onset (1.8%) and no asthma\/wheeze (94.0%). The estimated marginal risks of chronic asthma (combining early-persistent and intermediate-onset groups) varied by SIMD, with risk differences for the medium and high deprivation groups, relative to the low deprivation group, of 7.0% (95% confidence interval: 3.7\u201310.3) and 13.0% (9.6\u201316.4), respectively. Using counterfactual disparity measures, we estimated that the elimination of bronchiolitis requiring hospital admission could reduce these risk differences by 21.2% (4.9\u201337.5) and 17.9% (10.4\u201325.4), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of disparity in chronic asthma prevalence by deprivation level remains unexplained. Our paper offers a guide to using causal inference methods to study other plausible pathways to inequities in asthma using complex, linked administrative data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T20:15:09Z","timestamp":1664568909000},"page":"476-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Socioeconomic position, bronchiolitis and asthma in children: counterfactual disparity measures from a national birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-1017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate M","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca L","family":"De Stavola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0154-1306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"Hardelid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041918063760100_dyac193-B1","volume-title":"The Global Asthma Report 2018","author":"Asher","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023041918063760100_dyac193-B2","author":"ScotCen Social Research","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023041918063760100_dyac193-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200904-0567ED","article-title":"Causal links between RSV infection and asthma \u2013 no clear answers to an old question","volume":"179","author":"Kuehni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023041918063760100_dyac193-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30231-5","article-title":"RSV prevention in infancy and asthma in later life","volume":"6","author":"Dupont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2023041918063760100_dyac193-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30109-0","article-title":"Assessing the strength of evidence for a causal effect of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections on subsequent wheezing illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Brunwasser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2023041918063760100_dyac193-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-213056","article-title":"Is socioeconomic position associated with bronchiolitis seasonality? 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