{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:00:40Z","timestamp":1787666440571,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"The University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Skills Development Fellowship","award":["MR\/P014054\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P014054\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA\/18\/7\/34219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA\/18\/7\/34219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CH\/F\/20\/90003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/F\/20\/90003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_00011\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_00011\/6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear and possible differences between ethnicities have not been thoroughly explored. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the role of NAFLD in CVD and T2D risk in Europeans and East Asians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a MR study using genetic predictors of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liability to NAFLD, aspartate transaminase (AST), liver magnetic resonance imaging corrected T1 and proton density fat fraction and combined them with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics of CVD, T2D and glycaemic traits (sample size ranging from 14\u200a400 to 977\u200a320). Inverse-variance weighted analysis was used to assess the effect of NAFLD in these outcomes, with sensitivity analyses and replication in FinnGen. We conducted analyses in East Asians using ethnicity-specific genetic predictors of ALT and AST, and the respective outcome GWAS summary statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Europeans, higher ALT was associated with higher T2D risk (odds ratio: 1.77 per standard deviation, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.08), with similar results for other exposures, across sensitivity analyses and in FinnGen. Although NAFLD proxies were related to higher coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke risk, sensitivity analyses suggested possible bias by horizontal pleiotropy. In East Asians, higher ALT was possibly associated with higher T2D risk, and ALT and AST were inversely associated with CAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NAFLD likely increases the risk of T2D in Europeans and East Asians. Potential differential effects on CAD between Europeans and East Asians require further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T11:33:13Z","timestamp":1666351993000},"page":"921-931","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Evaluating the role of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study in Europeans and East Asians"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6136-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiu Lun","family":"Au Yeung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7785-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4822-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy Hon Ting","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah A","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol , Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9933-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C Mary","family":"Schooling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York , New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00308-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Mantovani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1902","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Mantovani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1870","article-title":"Alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and incident diabetes: the British Women's Heart and Health Study and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Fraser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04631-7","article-title":"Liver fat, hepatic enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 132,377 adults","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23789","article-title":"Liver enzymes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and incident cardiovascular disease: a narrative review and clinical perspective of prospective data","volume":"52","author":"Ghouri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.06.006","article-title":"Liver enzymes and risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"236","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2012.08.003","article-title":"Alanine transaminase has opposite associations with death from diabetes and ischemic heart disease in NHANES III","volume":"22","author":"Schooling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601","article-title":"Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians","volume":"362","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-1048","article-title":"Liver function and risk of type 2 diabetes: bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","volume":"68","author":"De Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38813","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38813","article-title":"Liver enzymes and risk of ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B11","first-page":"430","article-title":"Mendelian randomization estimates of alanine aminotransferase with cardiovascular disease: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22338-2","article-title":"Genetic analysis in European ancestry individuals identifies 517 loci associated with liver enzymes","volume":"12","author":"Pazoki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.032","article-title":"Genome-wide and Mendelian randomisation studies of liver MRI yield insights into the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis","volume":"73","author":"Parisinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-018-0152-1","article-title":"Understanding the assumptions underlying instrumental variable analyses: a brief review of falsification strategies and related tools","volume":"5","author":"Labrecque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Epidemiol Rep"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1515\/jci-2015-0024","article-title":"Predicting the direction of causal effect based on an instrumental variable analysis: a cautionary tale","volume":"4","author":"Burgess","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Causal Inference"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B16"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408","article-title":"The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome","volume":"7","author":"Hemani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B18","author":"Elsworth","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B19","author":"Vujkovic","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3396","article-title":"A comprehensive 1,000 genomes-based genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease","volume":"47","author":"Nikpay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0058-3","article-title":"Multiancestry genome-wide association study of 520,000 subjects identifies 32 loci associated with stroke and stroke subtypes","volume":"50","author":"Malik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0133-9","article-title":"Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation","volume":"50","author":"Roselli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13690-5","article-title":"Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0241-6","article-title":"Fine-mapping type 2 diabetes loci to single-variant resolution using high-density imputation and islet-specific epigenome maps","volume":"50","author":"Mahajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00852-9","article-title":"The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djy081","article-title":"Circulating selenium and prostate cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"110","author":"Yarmolinsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-01944-3","article-title":"Evaluation of glycemic traits in susceptibility to COVID-19 risk: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"19","author":"Au Yeung","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7221","article-title":"A framework for the investigation of pleiotropy in two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization","volume":"36","author":"Bowden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1214\/19-AOS1866","article-title":"Statistical inference in two-sample summary-data Mendelian randomization using robust adjusted profile score","volume":"48","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B32","first-page":"1866","article-title":"Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology","volume":"45","author":"Lawlor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy101","article-title":"Improving the visualization, interpretation and analysis of two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization via the Radial plot and Radial regression","volume":"47","author":"Bowden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17671","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment","volume":"533","author":"Okbay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy271","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in approximately 700000 individuals of European ancestry","volume":"27","author":"Yengo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0307-5","article-title":"Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0120-3","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of habitual physical activity in over 377,000 UK Biobank participants identifies multiple variants including CADM2 and APOE","volume":"42","author":"Klimentidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004494","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004494","article-title":"Distribution and medical impact of loss-of-function variants in the Finnish founder population","volume":"10","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0640-3","article-title":"Large-scale genome-wide association study in a Japanese population identifies novel susceptibility loci across different diseases","volume":"52","author":"Ishigaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3842","article-title":"Identification of six new genetic loci associated with atrial fibrillation in the Japanese population","volume":"49","author":"Low","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2263-3","article-title":"Identification of type 2 diabetes loci in 433,540 East Asian individuals","volume":"582","author":"Spracklen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70032-4","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Yki-Jarvinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00448-y","article-title":"The complex link between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and treatments","volume":"18","author":"Targher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr172","article-title":"The inverse relationship between alanine aminotransferase in the normal range and adverse cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30342-5","article-title":"Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission","volume":"5","author":"Sarin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610852","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.610852","article-title":"Use of multivariable mendelian randomization to address biases due to competing risk before recruitment","volume":"11","author":"Schooling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.05.005","article-title":"Effect measure modification conceptualized using selection diagrams as mediation by mechanisms of varying population-level relevance","volume":"113","author":"Lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.07.030","article-title":"Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) I148M (rs738409) affects hepatic VLDL secretion in humans and in vitro","volume":"57","author":"Pirazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2901","article-title":"Exome-wide association study identifies a TM6SF2 variant that confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"46","author":"Kozlitina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.020","article-title":"PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 genotypes and coronary artery disease","volume":"152","author":"Simons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05537-w","article-title":"Assessing the linear and non-linear association of HbA1c with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"64","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30154-2","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: causes, diagnosis, cardiometabolic consequences, and treatment strategies","volume":"7","author":"Stefan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104799","article-title":"The effects of metformin administration on liver enzymes and body composition in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and\/or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: an up-to date systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"159","author":"Jalali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609135","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.609135","article-title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1537","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1537","article-title":"Associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses","volume":"374","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05243-z","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of AMPK activation, a target of metformin, on risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer in the UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"63","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2023060913365643600_dyac212-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1604304","article-title":"Variation in PCSK9 and HMGCR and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Ference","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-pdf\/52\/3\/921\/50525171\/dyac212.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-pdf\/52\/3\/921\/50525171\/dyac212.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T10:29:09Z","timestamp":1686306549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article\/52\/3\/921\/6823860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyac212","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5771","1464-3685"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5771","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3685","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]}}}