{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T02:10:37Z","timestamp":1781835037197,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16\/00451\u201333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/00451\u201333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18\/00183\u201395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\/00183\u201395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most antihypertensives can induce dermal photosensitivity, which may increase melanoma risk. However, corroborating evidence is limited. We examined the associations between use of antihypertensives and melanoma risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A nationwide nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Cancer Registry of Norway, the National Registry and the Norwegian Prescription Database in 2004\u201315. Ten controls were randomly selected for each melanoma case, matched on sex and birth year. The study included 12\u200a048 cases and 117\u200a895 controls. We estimated rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were adjusted for ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We additionally performed active comparator analyses, and sensitivity analyses by only including new users, distinguishing between exclusive and mixed users, allowing for different latency periods, and subgroup analyses by melanoma subtype and clinical stage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with non-use, we observed a slightly increased melanoma risk in users of diuretics (RR 1.08, CI 1.01\u20131.15), calcium-channel blockers (RR 1.10, CI 1.04\u20131.18) and drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system (RR 1.10, CI 1.04\u20131.16), but not for beta blockers (RR 0.97, CI 0.92\u20131.03). We found no heterogeneity of associations by melanoma subtype or clinical stage and no dose-response relationship between the cumulative defined daily doses (DDDs) and melanoma. No interaction was found between cumulative DDDs and ambient UVR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Weak associations, with lack of a dose-response relationship and lack of interactions with ambient UVR, in the DDD analysis in this nationwide study do not support a causal relationship between antihypertensives and melanoma risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T14:26:24Z","timestamp":1669127184000},"page":"887-898","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Use of antihypertensive drugs and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a nationwide nested case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5466-7308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Ghiasvand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway , Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon A M","family":"Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway , Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina K","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo S","family":"Stenehjem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trond","family":"Heir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Ischemia Study, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1204-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Karlstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asta","family":"Juzeniene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger K","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele C","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre , Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2083-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marit B","family":"Veier\u00f8d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trude E","family":"Robsahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway , Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060913372369700_dyac223-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.01.035","article-title":"The growing burden of invasive melanoma: projections of incidence rates and numbers of new cases in six susceptible populations through 2031","volume":"136","author":"Whiteman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023060913372369700_dyac223-B2","volume-title":"Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. 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