{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:20:30Z","timestamp":1789150830792,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology\/National Science and Technology Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Whether paternal age associated with offspring\u2019s epilepsy risk is a cause of de novo mutation as men age, or just an association due to confounding factors, is still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a population-based, multi-generation and sibling comparison study in Taiwan, which included 2\u200a751\u200a232 singletons born in 2001\u201317 who were followed until 2020. Of these, 819\u200a371\/826\u200a087 with information on paternal\/maternal grandparents were selected for multi-generation analyses and 1\u200a748\u200a382 with sibling(s) were selected for sibling comparison. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the total cohort, there was an increased risk of epilepsy in individuals with advanced paternal age, e.g. the HR for paternal age \u226550 was1.36 (95% CI: 1.15\u20131.61) compared with paternal age 25\u201329, and fathers older than mothers, e.g. the HR for parental age difference \u226515\u2009years was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.16\u20131.43). When accounting for parental age difference, the association between paternal age and epilepsy in offspring was attenuated (HR for paternal age \u226550 was 1.11, 95% CI: 0.93\u20131.34). Multi-generation analyses did not support the association of advanced grand-paternal age at childbirth of the parent with offspring\u2019s risk of epilepsy. Sibling comparison analyses did not support the association of older paternal age with increased risk of epilepsy (HR was 0.96 for per year increase in paternal age, 95% CI: 0.96\u20130.97).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These results do not support the hypothesis that advanced paternal age is associated with epilepsy in offspring. Instead, familial factors may explain the observed paternal age association with the offspring\u2019s risk of epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T02:17:00Z","timestamp":1704939420000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Familial factors rather than paternal age contribute to the aetiology of epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8466-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi-Heng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Shin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital , Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8713-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley K","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research , Tulsa, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Chieh","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research , Tulsa, OK, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021116201654400_dyad191-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.9.1034","article-title":"Advancing paternal age and bipolar disorder","volume":"65","author":"Frans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen 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