{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:40:39Z","timestamp":1787064039958,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001160","name":"Health Effects Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A growing body of evidence has reported positive associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and poor COVID-19 outcomes. Inconsistent findings have been reported for short-term air pollution, mostly from ecological study designs. Using individual-level data, we studied the association between short-term variation in air pollutants [nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a diameter of &amp;lt;2.5\u2009\u00b5m (PM2.5) and a diameter of &amp;lt;10\u2009\u00b5m (PM10) and ozone (O3)] and hospital admission among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVAIR-CAT (Air pollution in relation to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality: a large population-based cohort study in Catalonia, Spain) cohort is a large population-based cohort in Catalonia, Spain including 240\u00a0902 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the primary care system from 1 March until 31 December 2020. Our outcome was hospitalization within 30\u2009days of COVID-19 diagnosis. We used individual residential address to assign daily air-pollution exposure, estimated using machine-learning methods for spatiotemporal prediction. For each pandemic wave, we fitted Cox proportional-hazards models accounting for non-linear-distributed lagged exposure over the previous 7\u00a0days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results differed considerably by pandemic wave. During the second wave, an interquartile-range increase in cumulative weekly exposure to air pollution (lag0_7) was associated with a 12% increase (95% CI: 4% to 20%) in COVID-19 hospitalizations for NO2, 8% (95% CI: 1% to 16%) for PM2.5 and 9% (95% CI: 3% to 15%) for PM10. We observed consistent positive associations for same-day (lag0) exposure, whereas lag-specific associations beyond lag0 were generally not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggests positive associations between NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 and hospitalization risk among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 during the second wave. Cumulative hazard ratios were largely driven by exposure on the same day as hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T09:56:00Z","timestamp":1709286960000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Short-term exposure to air pollution and hospital admission after COVID-19 in Catalonia: the COVAIR-CAT study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9725-0895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Alari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4677-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otavio","family":"Ranzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Olmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Mil\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Ballester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal , 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