{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:20:03Z","timestamp":1781306403495,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Study of Mothers and Infants"},{"name":"University of California San Diego"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 AA027811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 AA027811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly of the abdominal wall with an unknown aetiology. Recent trends in the prevalence of gastroschisis suggest that changing environmental or behavioural factors may contribute. We examined whether prenatal cannabis use disorder was associated with gastroschisis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Study of Outcomes of Mothers and Infants is a population-based cohort compiled of California birth records that have been linked to Department of Health Care Access and Information hospitalization, emergency department and ambulatory surgery records. We included 2007\u201319 singleton live births (n\u2009=\u20095\u200a774\u200a656). Cannabis use disorder was measured by diagnosis codes at any visit during pregnancy or at birth. Gastroschisis was measured by diagnosis or surgical repair procedure codes at birth or during the first year of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of cannabis use disorder was about 1%. The prevalence of gastroschisis was 0.14% and 0.06% among those with and without cannabis use disorder, respectively. There were positive associations between cannabis use disorder and gastroschisis when using a multivariable model [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0, 1.7) and a matched sample approach (aRR\u2009=\u20091.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.1). The association varied by maternal age and was largest among people aged &amp;gt;34\u2009years (aRR\u2009=\u20092.5, 95% CI 1.0, 5.8).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We confirm findings of a positive association between cannabis exposure and gastroschisis and add that it is strongest when maternal age is greater than 34\u2009years. More investigation into whether the association is causal, and why the association varies by maternal age, is encouraged.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:51:40Z","timestamp":1710895900000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prenatal cannabis use disorder and gastroschisis in California, 2007\u201319"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6490-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Delker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J","family":"Baer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann E","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Bandoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102107373936200_dyae042-B1","first-page":"E302","article-title":"Gastroschisis: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"7","author":"Bhat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"2024102107373936200_dyae042-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1097\/01.grf.0000184777.87545.a1","article-title":"Gastroschisis","volume":"48","author":"Saada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024102107373936200_dyae042-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4305","article-title":"Gastroschisis\u2014what should be told to parents?","volume":"34","author":"Lepigeon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"2024102107373936200_dyae042-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2018.08.005","article-title":"Insights into the etiology and embryology of gastroschisis","volume":"27","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2024102107373936200_dyae042-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2350\/13-03-1316-CR.1","article-title":"Gastroschisis, destructive brain lesions, and placental infarction in the second trimester suggest a vascular pathogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Folkerth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"2024102107373936200_dyae042-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80640-3","article-title":"The vascular pathogenesis of gastroschisis: intrauterine interruption of the omphalomesenteric artery","volume":"98","author":"Hoyme","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024102107373936200_dyae042-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36002","article-title":"Altered lipid metabolism in gastroschisis: a novel hypothesis","volume":"161A","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"2024102107373936200_dyae042-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31577","article-title":"Novel risk factor in gastroschisis: change of paternity","volume":"143A","author":"Chambers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"2024102107373936200_dyae042-B9","first-page":"e4004227","article-title":"New clues to understand gastroschisis. 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