{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:54:31Z","timestamp":1776992071679,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006506","name":"Brazilian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006506","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This nationwide cross-sectional survey in Brazil investigated COVID-19 and influenza vaccination coverage and inequalities. Data from 33\u2009250 interviews conducted between March and June 2024 in 133 sentinel cities revealed high overall coverage: 90.2% for at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine and 82.6% for influenza. However, significant disparities emerged. COVID-19 vaccination coverage increased with age, was higher among women and Whites, and strongly associated with higher education levels and wealth. Influenza vaccine coverage showed a U-shaped pattern by age and was lower among evangelicals compared with Catholics. Geographic variations were observed, with the Southeast region exhibiting the highest coverage and the North and Center-West the lowest. Co-coverage analysis indicated that 76.7% of participants received both vaccines. Reasons for non-vaccination included lack of belief in vaccine efficacy, concerns about side effects, and lack of access to healthcare. The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to address vaccine hesitancy and inequalities in access, particularly focusing on specific subgroups such as evangelicals, Indigenous populations, and individuals with lower socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaf105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T07:41:18Z","timestamp":1749541278000},"page":"i22-i30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Coverage and inequalities in COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in Brazil: a nationwide cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Mariangela F","family":"Silveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ot\u00e1vio","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign , Champaign, IL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Croda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Campo Grande,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health , New Haven, CT,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eder","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Brazil, Secretariat of Health and Environmental Surveillance , Bras\u00edlia\u2014Federal District,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethel","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo , Vit\u00f3ria, Esp\u00edrito Santo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisia T","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa de Oswaldo Cruz\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Vinholes Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro C","family":"Hallal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign , Champaign, IL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2465-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar G","family":"Victora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121803020998700_dyaf105-B1","author":"WHO Immunization Data portal\u2014Global","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025121803020998700_dyaf105-B2","author":"Mostafa","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025121803020998700_dyaf105-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2021055003673","article-title":"Doen\u00e7as cr\u00f4nicas n\u00e3o transmiss\u00edveis e covid-19: resultados do estudo Epicovid-19 Brasil","volume":"55","author":"Mesenburg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"2025121803020998700_dyaf105-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05992-1","article-title":"Informing the public health response to COVID-19: a systematic review of risk factors for disease, severity, and mortality","volume":"21","author":"Flook","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121803020998700_dyaf105-B5","author":"WHO Health Emergencies Programme","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025121803020998700_dyaf105-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-011879","article-title":"Factors, enablers and challenges for COVID-19 vaccine development","volume":"8","author":"Excler","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2025121803020998700_dyaf105-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109896","article-title":"WHO statement - 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