{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:48:24Z","timestamp":1792068504099,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HA21C0142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HA21C0142"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to compare cancer incidence rates between South Korea and the UK, and assess the associated cancer risks due to alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data were pooled from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II and the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study Biobank for South Korea, and from UK Biobank (UKB) for the UK, with follow-up until 2020. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by using the World Health Organization standard population. Hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer incidence were analysed in relation to alcohol consumption levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The overall cancer incidence rates were similar between South Korea and the UK. However, the incidence of liver, stomach, and thyroid cancers was more than five times higher in the Korean cohort. Compared with never drinkers, consuming \u226550 g of alcohol daily increased the overall cancer risk by 24% in the Korean data and by 11% in the UKB data. In Korea, heavy drinking (\u226550\u2009g\/day) was associated with higher risks of esophageal cancer (HR\u2009=\u200912.59), liver cancer (HR\u2009=\u20091.65), head and neck cancer (HR\u2009=\u20092.06), alcohol-related cancers (HR\u2009=\u20091.60), and stomach cancer (HR\u2009=\u20091.43). In the UKB cohort, it was linked to increased risks of head and neck cancer (HR\u2009=\u20091.95), breast cancer (HR\u2009=\u20091.12), and alcohol-related cancers (HR\u2009=\u20091.18). Both cohorts showed a lower risk of thyroid cancer with increased alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related cancers in both South Korean and UK populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaf108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:38:09Z","timestamp":1751002689000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alcohol consumption and cancer risk in South Korea and the UK: prospective cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4993-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keum Ji","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2353-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoungho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency , Osong Cheongju-si,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4859-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Sub","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency , Osong Cheongju-si,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2911-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Woo","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-4247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Yop","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Medical Institute , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-3068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Ha","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Graduate School of Transdisciplinary Health Sciences, Yonsei University , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-4771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Lewington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025062701380144300_dyaf108-B1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025062701380144300_dyaf108-B2","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025062701380144300_dyaf108-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025062701380144300_dyaf108-B4","first-page":"3","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and ethyl carbamate","volume":"96","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2010","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"2025062701380144300_dyaf108-B5","first-page":"373","article-title":"Personal habits and indoor combustions. 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