{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T21:38:03Z","timestamp":1785274683722,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007437","name":"TrygFonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["153678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["153678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007437","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Danish Council for Independent Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2034-00256B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2034-00256B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Post-acute non-specific symptoms such as headaches, muscular pain, and fatigue are frequently reported following COVID-19 vaccination, raising concerns about adverse events. As vaccine-hesitant individuals may be more likely to experience symptoms of vaccines, this study investigates whether COVID-19 vaccination increases the odds of post-acute non-specific symptoms, stratified by COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This longitudinal study uses repeated measurements from the BiCoVac cohort\u2014a random sample of 913\u2009116 Danish citizens aged 16\u201365\u00a0years. Data were collected through national registers and questionnaires (May 2021\u2013June 2022). Non-specific symptoms were identified by using the 25-item Bodily Distress Syndrome checklist and analysed by using logistic and linear regression models comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Models were fitted with robust standard errors and inverse probability of selection weights.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 132\u2009776 observations were collected from 61\u2009316 COVID-19 vaccine-unconcerned individuals, 52\u2009325 observations from 25\u2009272 COVID-19 vaccine-sceptical individuals, and 10\u2009242 observations from 5064 COVID-19 vaccine-concerned individuals. Among the vaccine-unconcerned individuals, those vaccinated had lower odds of most symptoms compared with unvaccinated individuals &amp;gt;4\u2009weeks post-vaccination [e.g. muscular pain: odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20090.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47\u20130.68]. A similar tendency was found for vaccine-sceptical individuals, although with attenuated estimates. Conversely, among vaccine-concerned individuals, we observed a tendency for higher odds of most symptoms &amp;gt;4\u2009weeks post-vaccination compared with unvaccinated individuals (e.g. muscular pain: OR\u2009=\u20091.23, 95% CI: 0.91\u20131.67).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For most individuals aged 16\u201365\u00a0years, we found no evidence of post-acute symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccinated vaccine-concerned individuals were, however, more likely to report most symptoms, potentially due to reporting bias or nocebo effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaf173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T12:02:49Z","timestamp":1760097769000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Post-acute non-specific symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination: a Danish population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5120-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina Bisgaard","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Aarhus University , DK-8000, Aarhus,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3120-8790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristoffer 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Aarhus,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0841-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital , DK-9100, Aalborg,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , DK-9000, Aalborg,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7426-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte Ulrikka","family":"Rask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry , DK-8200, Aarhus,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , DK-8200, Aarhus,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2921-4099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , DK-8200, Aarhus,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital , DK-8200, Aarhus,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7437-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Meinertz","family":"Dantoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , DK-2000, Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-2830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , DK-2000, Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200, Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1028-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy A","family":"Labrecque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC , 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