{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T11:10:35Z","timestamp":1775301035886,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund","award":["2021-A-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-A-16"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund","award":["30-A-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-A-15"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund","award":["27-A-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27-A-4"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund","award":["24-A-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-A-3"]}]},{"name":"Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants for the Third Term Comprehensive Control Research for Cancer","award":["H21-3jigan-ippan-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H21-3jigan-ippan-003"]}]},{"name":"Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants for the Third Term Comprehensive Control Research for Cancer","award":["H18-3jigan-ippan-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H18-3jigan-ippan-001"]}]},{"name":"Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants for the Third Term Comprehensive Control Research for Cancer","award":["H16-3jigan-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H16-3jigan-010"]}]},{"name":"Japan and the US Government","award":["A2-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2-15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking are major risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC), but their interaction effects have not been investigated in the Japanese population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a pooled analysis using data from 11 prospective cohorts in Japan, covering a total of 434\u2009431 participants with 5\u2009969\u2009082 person-years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards model analyses were performed separately in each cohort. Interactions and population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were estimated through meta-analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During follow-up, 1835 incidents of HNC were newly identified. Both smoking and drinking habits significantly increased HNC risk. Subsite analysis showed that smoking increased risk in several subsites, while drinking was associated with hypopharyngeal cancer only. The multiplicative interaction was 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12\u20132.14] and the additive interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.42\u20131.36). Among men, PAFs were 0.414 for smoking and 0.336 for drinking, while the combined PAF was 0.469. Subsite-specific analysis showed larger PAFs of smoking in the nasopharynx and larynx, and larger PAFs of drinking in the oral cavity and hypopharynx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking interact to increase the risk of HNC in the Japanese population. The attributable fraction of each factor differs by subsite. These findings may aid the development of future preventive strategies for HNC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyag036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:53:59Z","timestamp":1772628839000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attributable fraction and interaction of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on the risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tsuge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute , Nagoya,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , 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