{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:14:40Z","timestamp":1779293680648,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022720","name":"Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding","award":["UEFISCDI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UEFISCDI"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Programa FORTALECE del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n\u2019","award":["FORT23\/00032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FORT23\/00032"]}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe Mission Cancer project DISCERN","award":["HORIZON-MISS-2021-CANCER-02\u201303 101096888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HORIZON-MISS-2021-CANCER-02\u201303 101096888"]}]},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health"},{"name":"AECC Scientific Foundation","award":["PERME212445MORE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PERME212445MORE"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Agency for Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Polish National Center for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding"},{"name":"(UEFISCDI) within the framework of ERA PerMed","award":["ERAPERMED2021-071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERAPERMED2021-071"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020","award":["779282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["779282"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early detection is critical in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)\u2014one of the most lethal malignancies due to its typically late diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we aimed to validate an epidemiological risk score (ERS) designed to identify individuals at increased risk of developing PDAC prior to the use of imaging or other diagnostic procedures. The ERS was constructed through a meta-analysis of 24 well-established epidemiological risk factors. We applied this score to a prospective cohort of 178 high-risk individuals with a family history of PDAC within the IMAGene project (ClinicalTrials.gov registration code: NCT06334458). To evaluate the predictive value of the ERS, all participants underwent whole-body or abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the findings were classified according to the Oncologically Relevant Findings Reporting and Data System criteria to identify and categorize lesions based on their malignant potential. External validation was conducted by using a subset of the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort (\u2248300\u2009000 individuals), among whom 1648 were diagnosed with PDAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher ERS values were associated with the presence of potentially malignant lesions on MRI. Both pancreatic and extra-pancreatic malignant lesions were more frequent among individuals with higher ERS scores (P\u2009=\u2009.01 and P\u2009=\u2009.02 respectively) compared with controls. External validation in PDAC cases within the UKB cohort confirmed these associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support the integration of the ERS as a feasible, low-cost tool for PDAC risk stratification, with the potential to facilitate earlier detection and improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyag064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:35:37Z","timestamp":1776339337000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and validation of an epidemiological risk score for early detection of pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals within the IMAGene project"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2281-3083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lois","family":"Riob\u00f3-Mayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ONCOBELL Program, , L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), , L\u2019Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona, 08907,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lluis","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ONCOBELL Program, , L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat Hereditary Cancer Program, , L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Teul\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ONCOBELL Program, , L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat Hereditary Cancer Program, , L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Guin\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ONCOBELL Program, , L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), , L\u2019Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid, 28029,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Layos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalan Institute of Oncology Medical Oncology Department, , Badalona, Barcelona, 08916,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), , Badalona, Barcelona, 08916,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7185-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Oliveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, , Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"University of Milan Department of Health Sciences, DISS, , Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clizia","family":"Cincidda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, , Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Ongaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, , Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, , New York, NY, 10021,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara A","family":"Accornero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, , Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara Alessandra","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Institute of Oncology, IEO IRCCS Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, , Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Gervaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Institute of Oncology, IEO IRCCS Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, , Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6869-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Institute of Oncology, IEO IRCCS Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, , Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul E","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Division of Radiology, ,, Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Petralia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Division of Radiology, ,, Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"University of Milan Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, , Milan, 20141,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Canivet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU of Toulouse, Rangueil Hospital and University of Toulouse Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, , Toulouse, 31400,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bournet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU of Toulouse, Rangueil Hospital and University of Toulouse Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, , Toulouse, 31400,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Buscail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU of Toulouse, Rangueil Hospital and University of Toulouse Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, , Toulouse, 31400,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oncology Institute \u2018Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta\u2019 Department of Radiology, , Cluj-Napoca, 400015,","place":["Romania"]},{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Radiology, \u2018Iuliu Hatieganu\u2019, , Cluj-Napoca, 400015,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Balacescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oncology Institute \u2018Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Experimental Pathology, , Cluj-Napoca, 400015,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Trifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oncology Institute \u2018Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta\u2019 Breast Cancer Center, , Cluj-Napoca, 400015,","place":["Romania"]},{"name":"Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, \u2018Victor Babes\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy Discipline of Medical Genetics, , Timisoara, 300041,","place":["Romania"]},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pneumophysiology \u2018Dr. Victor Babes\u2019 Center of Expertise on Rare Pulmonary Diseases, , Timisoara, 300041,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"Catana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oncology Institute \u2018Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta\u2019 Breast Cancer Center, , Cluj-Napoca, 400015,","place":["Romania"]},{"name":"\u2018Iuliu Hatieganu\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Genetics, , Cluj-Napoca, 400015,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florina","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oncology Institute \u2018Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta\u2019 Surgery Department, Psychology Services, , Cluj-Napoca, 400015,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Balacescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oncology Institute \u2018Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Experimental Pathology, , Cluj-Napoca, 400015,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Przyby\u0142owicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Independent Clinical Epigenetics Laboratory, , Szczecin, 70-204,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Taryma-Lesniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Independent Clinical Epigenetics Laboratory, , Szczecin, 70-204,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz K","family":"Wojdacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Independent Clinical Epigenetics Laboratory, , Szczecin, 70-204,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4646-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Ob\u00f3n-Santacana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ONCOBELL Program, , L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), , L\u2019Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid, 28029,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2818-5487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ONCOBELL Program, , L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), , L\u2019Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid, 28029,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University of Barcelona (UB) Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), , L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B2","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0363-5","article-title":"The tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer\u2013clinical challenges and opportunities","volume":"17","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.03.056","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: Pathogenesis, screening, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"163","author":"Wood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v12.i12.468","article-title":"Carbohydrate antigen 19-9\u2014tumor marker: Past, present, and future","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2025.101974","article-title":"Recommendations, evidence and sustainability of screening for pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals","volume":"74","author":"Bogdanski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1200\/op.23.00495","article-title":"Cost- effectiveness analysis of screening for pancreatic cancer among high-risk populations","volume":"20","author":"Peters","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27784","article-title":"Survival benefit associated with screening of patients at elevated risk for pancreatic cancer","volume":"130","author":"Kane","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25148","article-title":"Family history of cancer and risk of pancreatic cancer: A pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium (PanScan)","volume":"127","author":"Jacobs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2015.04.007","article-title":"Familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Petersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2014.153","article-title":"BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, and CDKN2A mutations in familial pancreatic cancer: a pacgene study","volume":"17","author":"Zhen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3520","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31628","article-title":"Prospective study of germline genetic testing in incident cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"124","author":"Brand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1097\/ms9.0000000000002011","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: from early detection to personalized treatment approaches","volume":"86","author":"Khayat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.6228","article-title":"Association between inherited germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes and risk of pancreatic cancer","volume":"319","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-016-0120-8","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer risk in relation to sex, lifestyle factors, and pre-diagnostic anthropometry in the Malm\u00f6 Diet and Cancer Study","volume":"7","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-9983-0","article-title":"Height and pancreatic cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"23","author":"Aune","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx012","article-title":"The role of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic factors in pancreatic cancer: A mendelian randomization study","volume":"109","author":"Carreras-Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws458","article-title":"ABO blood group and risk of pancreatic cancer: A study in Shanghai and meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"Risch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.09.007","article-title":"Strong excess risk of pancreatic cancer for low frequency and duration of cigarette smoking: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Lugo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0014-9","article-title":"Physical activity and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Behrens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.218","article-title":"Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"112","author":"Kirkeg\u00e5rd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i19.4416","article-title":"Meta-analysis reveals an association between acute pancreatitis and the risk of pancreatic cancer","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/mpa.0000000000000502","article-title":"Increased risk of pancreatic cancer related to gallstones and cholecystectomy","volume":"45","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2020.1868568","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection increases the risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2020.101691","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Arafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04660-9","article-title":"Risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Seo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa616","article-title":"Pancreatic manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis: a national population-based study","volume":"60","author":"Alkhayyat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.3056","article-title":"Association of psoriasis with the risk of developing or dying of cancer","volume":"155","author":"Trafford","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310442","article-title":"Reduced risk of pancreatic cancer associated with asthma and nasal allergies","volume":"66","author":"Gomez-Rubio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt052","article-title":"Allergies and risk of pancreatic cancer: A pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer case-control consortium","volume":"178","author":"Olson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312719862049","article-title":"Following the algorithm: How epidemiological risk-scores do accountability","volume":"49","author":"Amelang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Stud Sci"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.09.013","article-title":"Current approaches to pancreatic cancer screening","volume":"189","author":"Chhoda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-024-00372-5","article-title":"Genetic and other risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)","volume":"23","author":"Jacobs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fam Cancer"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2241-1","article-title":"Association between alcohol intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer: A dose\u2013response meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.2337\/figshare.12430328","article-title":"Association of type 2 diabetes with cancer: A meta-analysis with bias analysis for unmeasured confounding in 151 cohorts comprising 32 million people","volume":"43","author":"Ling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201610001-00020","article-title":"Incretin-based therapy and risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"111","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2020.1715939","article-title":"Exposure to proton pump inhibitors and risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Alkhushaym","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202948","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.2948","article-title":"Diabetes, weight change, and pancreatic cancer risk","volume":"6","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx019","article-title":"Periodontal disease, edentulism, and pancreatic cancer: A meta- analysis","volume":"28","author":"Maisonneuve","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C229","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.200744","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and pancreatic cancer risk: A meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t03801-000","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire","author":"Garnefski","year":"2001","journal-title":"PsycTESTS Dataset"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t72232-000","article-title":"Revised mental health inventory-5","author":"Rivera-Riquelme","year":"2019","journal-title":"PsycTESTS Dataset"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021201740","article-title":"Oncologically relevant findings reporting and Data System (ONCO-RADS): Guidelines for the acquisition, interpretation, and reporting of whole-body MRI for cancer screening","volume":"299","author":"Petralia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK Biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11123206","article-title":"An integrative pancreatic cancer risk prediction model in the UK Biobank","volume":"11","author":"Ke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.01.016","article-title":"Predicting pancreatic cancer in the UK Biobank cohort using polygenic risk scores and diabetes mellitus","volume":"162","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026052011303903600_dyag064-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2020.103652","article-title":"Phenotype risk scores (PHERS) for pancreatic cancer using time-stamped electronic health record data: discovery and validation in two large biobanks","volume":"113","author":"Salvatore","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-pdf\/55\/3\/dyag064\/68346232\/dyag064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-pdf\/55\/3\/dyag064\/68346232\/dyag064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:30:44Z","timestamp":1779291044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ije\/dyag064\/8688228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyag064","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5771","1464-3685"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5771","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3685","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"article-number":"dyag064"}}