{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:07:37Z","timestamp":1784308057871,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP5-OD033415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP5-OD033415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-ES028923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-ES028923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HD086742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HD086742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oil and gas development\u2014a highly prevalent industry in North America\u2014is often located near residential communities. This industry produces a complex mixture of pollutants that may impact human health. Despite well-documented associations between residential proximity to oil and gas development and adverse birth outcomes, no study has examined gestational diabetes mellitus (hereafter, gestational diabetes)\u2014a condition with long-term consequences for maternal\u2013infant health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined associations between residential proximity to active oil and gas development during pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk by using data from Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO)\u2014an internet-based preconception cohort study in the USA and Canada. We developed residential proximity measures for active oil and gas development at the estimated date of conception, including distance to the nearest site. For participants whose pregnancy progressed for \u226528\u2009weeks of gestation, we evaluated diagnoses of gestational diabetes via self-administered questionnaires and birth records. We implemented log-binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for covariates, including stratification by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (&amp;lt;25.0, 25.0\u201329.9, \u226530.0\u2009kg\/m2) and parity (nulliparous, parous).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 6285 participants, 8.6% of participants reported gestational diabetes. Residence within 5\u2009km of active oil and gas development was not appreciably associated with gestational diabetes (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.40) compared with residence \u226520\u2009km away. Associations did not vary by pre-pregnancy BMI or parity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found no consistent evidence of an association between residential proximity to active oil and gas development at conception and the risk of gestational diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyag081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:30:24Z","timestamp":1778585424000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Residential proximity to oil and gas development and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Martha R","family":"Koenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA, 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylin A","family":"Vrkljan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA, 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fintan A","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA, 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin J","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA, 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole C","family":"Deziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences, , New Haven, CT, 06520,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E","family":"Hatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA, 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3929-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia K","family":"Wesselink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA, 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA, 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary D","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA, 02118,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health, , Boston, MA, 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B1","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114093","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ae0da6","article-title":"High populations near fossil fuel energy infrastructure across the supply chain and implications for an equitable energy transition","volume":"20","author":"Buonocore","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B3","author":"Canadian Centre for Energy Information","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.81","article-title":"A systematic evaluation of chemicals in hydraulic-fracturing fluids and wastewater for reproductive and developmental toxicity","volume":"27","author":"Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B5","author":"Thoma","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409535","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and oil and natural gas operations: potential environmental contamination and recommendations to assess complex environmental mixtures","volume":"124","author":"Kassotis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2022.102595","article-title":"Drinking water, fracking, and infant health","volume":"82","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2023GH000938","DOI":"10.1029\/2023GH000938","article-title":"Air quality and health impacts of onshore oil and gas flaring and venting activities estimated using refined satellite-based emissions","volume":"8","author":"Tran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geohealth"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-35698-1","article-title":"Systematic review on benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) emissions; health impact assessment; and detection techniques in oil and natural gas operations","volume":"32","author":"Das","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02758-7","article-title":"Critical evaluation of human health risks due to hydraulic fracturing in natural gas and petroleum production","volume":"94","author":"Wollin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0039-8","article-title":"Residential noise from nearby oil and gas well construction and drilling","volume":"28","author":"Blair","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1099","article-title":"Systematic review of the association between oil and natural gas extraction processes and human reproduction","volume":"106","author":"Balise","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-017-9792-5","article-title":"Psychosocial impact of fracking: a review of the literature on the mental health consequences of hydraulic fracturing","volume":"16","author":"Hirsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2024.307730","article-title":"Residential proximity to oil and gas development and mental health in a North American Preconception Cohort Study: 2013\u20132023","volume":"114","author":"Willis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000438","article-title":"Impact of oil and gas boom and busts on working-age mortality in the U.S","volume":"9","author":"Thombs","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae01ce","article-title":"Impact of boom-and-bust economies from oil and gas development on psychiatric hospitalizations among Medicaid beneficiaries","volume":"3","author":"Willis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Res Health"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy186","article-title":"Perceived stress and fecundability: a preconception cohort study of North American Couples","volume":"187","author":"Wesselink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0916-4","article-title":"Preconception mental health predicts pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes: a national population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Witt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-024-00860-2","article-title":"The human health effects of unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD): a scoping review of epidemiologic studies","volume":"115","author":"Aker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can J Public Health. Published"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-026-00526-w","article-title":"Oil and gas development and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a qualitative and quantitative bias analysis of the epidemiologic literature","volume":"13","author":"Clark","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab246","article-title":"Associations between residential proximity to oil and gas extraction and hypertensive conditions during pregnancy: a difference-in-differences analysis in Texas, 1996-2009","volume":"51","author":"Willis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7678","article-title":"Associations between residential proximity to oil and gas drilling and term birth weight and small-for-gestational-age infants in Texas: a difference-in-differences analysis","volume":"129","author":"Willis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-020-0245-z","article-title":"Density and proximity to hydraulic fracturing wells and birth outcomes in Northeastern British Columbia, Canada","volume":"31","author":"Caron-Beaudoin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000387","article-title":"Unconventional natural gas development and birth outcomes in Pennsylvania, USA","volume":"27","author":"Casey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Fairfax)"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e099","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000099","article-title":"Oil and gas production and spontaneous preterm birth in the San Joaquin Valley, CA: A case-control study","volume":"4","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.0306","article-title":"Association between residential proximity to hydraulic fracturing sites and adverse birth outcomes","volume":"176","author":"Cairncross","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-022-00505-x","article-title":"Congenital anomalies associated with oil and gas development and resource extraction: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Texas","volume":"33","author":"Willis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115937","article-title":"Residential proximity to unconventional oil and gas development and birth defects in Ohio","volume":"229","author":"Gaughan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"McIntyre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546256","DOI":"10.3389\/fcdhc.2020.546256","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus: long-term consequences for the mother and child grand challenge: how to move on towards secondary prevention?","volume":"1","author":"Sheiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Clin Diabetes Healthc"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00825-0","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of gestational diabetes","volume":"404","author":"Sweeting","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00858-8","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2024.108163","article-title":"Examining childhood and adulthood stressors as risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in working pregnant individuals: a prospective cohort study","volume":"189","author":"Mendez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12057","article-title":"The association between a medical history of depression and gestational diabetes in a large multi-ethnic cohort in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Bowers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.866446","article-title":"Impact of risk factors on short and long-term maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective longitudinal cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Corcillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.02.012","article-title":"Current understandings and perspectives on non-cancer health effects of benzene: a global concern","volume":"276","author":"Bahadar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12201","article-title":"Design and conduct of an internet-based preconception cohort study in North America: Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO)","volume":"29","author":"Wise","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B38","unstructured":"Environmental Defense Fund. Oil and Gas Infrastructure Mapping (OGIM) database. Published online May 10, 2023. 10.5281\/zenodo.7922117"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B39","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien M, Omara M, Himmelberger A, Gautam R. \u00a0Oil and Gas Infrastructure Mapping (OGIM) database. Published online August 7, 2024. 10.5281\/zenodo.13259749"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B40","unstructured":"Campbell EJ, Vrklijan K, Buonocore JJ, Willis MD. \u00a0Supplement to the Oil and Gas Extraction data in OGIM. Published online May, 2025. 10.7910\/DVN\/OGIMSUPP"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-025-00485-8","article-title":"A narrative review of spatial-temporal data sources for estimating population-level exposures to oil and gas development in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Campbell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-022-00358-4","article-title":"Assessing exposure to unconventional oil and gas development: strengths, challenges, and implications for epidemiologic research","volume":"9","author":"Deziel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12769","article-title":"Accuracy of self-reported birth outcomes relative to birth certificate data in an Internet-based prospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Wise","year":"2021","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B44","volume-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307403","article-title":"Fossil fuel racism: the ongoing burden of oil and gas development in the shadows of regulatory inaction","volume":"113","author":"Willis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.05.007","article-title":"Ambient air pollution, birth weight and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Stieb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021006","DOI":"10.1088\/2752-5309\/acc886","article-title":"Air pollution and health impacts of oil & gas production in the United States","volume":"1","author":"Buonocore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res: Health"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000400","article-title":"Evaluation of selection bias in an internet-based study of pregnancy planners","volume":"27","author":"Hatch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Fairfax)"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-016-0694-8","article-title":"Demographic characteristics, health behaviors before and during pregnancy, and pregnancy and birth outcomes in mothers with different pregnancy planning status","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"2026071712550992700_dyag081-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47012","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP10648","article-title":"Associations between residential greenspace and fecundability in a North American Preconception Cohort Study","volume":"131","author":"Willis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-pdf\/55\/3\/dyag081\/68513799\/dyag081.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-pdf\/55\/3\/dyag081\/68513799\/dyag081.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:55:13Z","timestamp":1784307313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ije\/dyag081\/8706455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyag081","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5771","1464-3685"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5771","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3685","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"article-number":"dyag081"}}