{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T21:06:21Z","timestamp":1789247181849,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oulu strategic"},{"name":"the University of Oulu Graduate School, Health and Biosciences Doctoral"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007083","name":"Orion Research Foundation sr","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008969","name":"Alfred Kordelin foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation"},{"name":"Foundation for Pediatrics Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004325","name":"Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007555","name":"Foundation for Cardiovascular Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007555","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017726","name":"Diabetes Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010114","name":"Yrj\u00f6 Jahnsson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010114","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010125","name":"Jalmari and Rauha Ahokas Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Doctoral Programs of public Health, University of Helsinki"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004037","name":"Juho Vainio Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007417","name":"Paulo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Finnish Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm (&amp;lt;37\u2009weeks), early-term (37\u201338\u2009weeks), or post-term (42\u2009weeks) birth may elevate the risk of mental, neurodevelopmental, and cardiopulmonary disease in adulthood, potentially impacting work capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the association between gestational age and early disability pension (DP) among 228\u2009572 Finnish individuals born between 1 January 1987 and 30 September 1990. We identified the first DP decision from ages 16 to \u223c32\u00a0years (2003\u201320) by using linked birth and DP records, including timing and diagnosis. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using Cox regression, with full-term birth (39\u201341\u2009weeks) as the reference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 9224 individuals (4.0%) received DPs. Adjusted for sex and birth year, the HRs for DP by gestational age groups of 23\u201331, 32\u201333, 34\u201336, 37\u201338, and 42\u2009weeks were 5.20 (4.52\u20135.99), 2.47 (2.04\u20133.00), 1.55 (1.41\u20131.70), 1.22 (1.16\u20131.29), and 1.12 (1.01\u20131.25). Among preterm adults, the most common diagnoses included cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, depression, and schizophrenia. For early-term and post-term adults, depression and schizophrenia were the most frequent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm, early-term, and post-term births were associated with early DPs, with slightly different diagnostic profiles. The risk was highest among those born very preterm (&amp;lt;32\u2009weeks). High-quality perinatological care is crucial regarding future careers and societal costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyag127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:34:19Z","timestamp":1782992059000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gestational age at birth and the risk of disability pension in early adulthood: a whole-population register study of people born in Finland in 1987\u201390"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4068-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oksanen","family":"P\u00e4ivi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Public Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tikanm\u00e4ki","family":"Marjaana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Public Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alenius","family":"Suvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Public Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mets\u00e4l\u00e4","family":"Johanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Public Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gissler","family":"Mika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care Centre , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Research Centre for Child Psychiatry and Invest Research Flagship, University of Turku , Turku,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lahti-Pulkkinen","family":"Marius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikkil\u00e4","family":"Katriina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen","family":"Katri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ala-Mursula","family":"Leena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia Pohde , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajantie","family":"Eero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Public Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Public Health, Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center , 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