{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:06:27Z","timestamp":1790233587536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","award":["ES103389-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES103389-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j4k1h63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"NIEHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["47QTCA20D0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["47QTCA20D0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency and severity of extreme temperatures have been increasing and are expected to continue to escalate in the coming decades. Relationships between extreme temperatures and early deliveries are not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from 201\u200a759 pregnancies with gestational age (GA) of &amp;gt;27\u2009weeks in the Consortium on Safe Labor retrospective cohort study from 19 hospitals across the USA for 2002\u20138. Location-specific bulk temperatures were obtained from the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (4-km resolution), from which participants were linked to minimum, maximum, and mean daily temperatures across each day of pregnancy. Days were categorized for each site as cold (both minimum and maximum temperatures \u2264 20th percentile), hot (both minimum and maximum temperatures \u2265 80th percentile), or neither for each pregnancy. Cold and hot days were then analysed individually or as the proportion within specific pregnancy windows by using Cox regression and fetuses-at-risk logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Detrimental relations in fetuses-at-risk models were consistently observed between exposure to chronic cold and chronic heat and early delivery: odds ratio (ORcold)=\u20091.66, 1.40, and 1.16; ORheat\u2009=\u20091.20, 1.13, and 1.32 for early-preterm (GA &amp;lt; 34\u2009weeks), preterm (34\u2009\u2264\u2009GA &amp;lt; 37\u2009weeks), and early-term (37\u2009\u2264\u2009GA &amp;lt; 39), respectively. Associations for exposures in Trimesters 1 and 2 were mixed but clearly more detrimental in Trimester 1. The likelihood of early delivery increased with daily exposure to extreme temperatures after 27\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Future work should seek to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to validate these findings by using more recent diverse global data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyag145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:00:27Z","timestamp":1785412827000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure to extreme temperatures may increase the risk of preterm birth: findings from a contemporary US cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Neil J","family":"Perkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural 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