{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:07:45Z","timestamp":1790863665362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]],"date-time":"2006-09-22T20:27:33Z","timestamp":1158956853000},"page":"1522-1529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Chronic diseases now a leading cause of death in rural India\u2014mortality data from the Andhra Pradesh Rural Health Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Rohina","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnolia","family":"Cardona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Iyengar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sukumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Ravi","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K Rama","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnam","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K Srinath","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupte MD, Ramachandran V, Mutatkar RK. Epidemiological profile of India: historical and contemporary perspectives. J Biosci2001;26:437\u201364.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02704746"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy KS, Yusuf S. Emerging epidemic of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. Circulation1998;97:596\u2013601.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.6.596"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy KS, Shah B, Varghese C, Ramadoss A. Responding to the threat of chronic diseases in India. Lancet2005;366:1744\u201349.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67343-6"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B4","unstructured":"Byrraju Foundation. Available at: http:\/\/wwwbyrrajufoundation.org. Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (accessed on November 23, 2005)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B5","unstructured":"Okosun IS, Dever GE. Verbal autopsy: a necessary solution for the paucity of mortality data in the less-developed countries. Ethn Dis2001;11:575\u201377."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B6","unstructured":"International Institute for Population Sciences, Macro O. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), India,1998\u201399: Andhra Pradesh. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences, 2000, pp. 12\u201315."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang G, Rao C, Ma J, Wang L, Wan X, Dubrovsky G, Lopez AD. Validation of verbal autopsy procedures for adult deaths in China. Int J Epidemiol2006;35:741\u201348.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi181"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Setel PW, Whiting DR, Hemed Y et al. Validity of verbal autopsy procedures for determining cause of death in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health2006;11:681\u201396.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01603.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B9","unstructured":"Registrar General of India, Sample Registration System Academic Partners, Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto. Registrar General of India Prospective Study of One Million Deaths in India: SRS verbal autopsy form. Available at: http:\/\/www.cghr.org\/project.htm (accessed on September 15, 2003)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B10","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Version for 2003. Available at: http:\/\/www3.who.int\/icd\/vol1htm2003\/fr-icd.htm, (accessed on July 16, 2005)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B11","unstructured":"Registrar General of India, Sample Registration System Academic Partners, Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto. Manual for assigning causes of death from verbal autopsy, 2005."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B12","unstructured":"Registrar General of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Medical Certification of Cause of Death. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs, 1995."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B13","unstructured":"Registrar General of India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Survey of Causes of Death (Rural) India Annual Report. New Delhi: Vital Statistics Division, 1998."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B14","unstructured":"Registrar General of India. Sample Registration System Bulletin. Table 1: Estimated Birth Rate, Death Rate, Natural Growth Rate and Infant Mortality Rate, 2004. Available at: http:\/\/www.censusindia.net\/vs\/srs\/bulletins\/index.html. New Delhi, (accessed on May 25, 2006)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B15","unstructured":"Mahapatra P, Rao C, Ramana GNV. Causes of death in Andhra Pradesh. In: Mahapatra P (ed). Estimating National Burden of Disease: The Burden of Disease in Andhra Pradesh 1990s. Hyderabad: Institute for Health Systems, 2001, pp. 55\u201398."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B16","unstructured":"Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Global and regional cause-of-death patterns in 1990. Bull World Health Organ1994;72:447\u201380."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B17","unstructured":"Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Estimating causes of death: new methods and global and regional applications for 1990. In: Murray CJL, Lopez AD (eds). The Global Burden of Disease. A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health, 1996, pp.117\u2013200."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajalakshmi V, Peto R. Verbal autopsy of 80,000 adult deaths in Tamil Nadu, South India. BMC Public Health2004;4:47.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-4-47"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajalakshmi V, Peto R, Kanaka TS, Jha P. Smoking and mortality from tuberculosis and other diseases in India: retrospective study of 43,000 adult male deaths and 35,000 controls. Lancet2003;362:507\u201315.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14109-8"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajalakshmi V, Peto R, Kanaka S, Balasubramanian S. Verbal autopsy of 48\u2009000 adult deaths attributable to medical causes in Chennai (formerly Madras), India. BMC Public Health2002;2:7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-2-7"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urassa M, Boerma TJ, Isingo R et al. The impact of HIV\/AIDS on mortality and household mobility in rural Tanzania. AIDS2001;15:2017\u201323.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200110190-00015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandramohan D, Rodrigues LC, Maude GH, Hayes RJ. The validity of verbal autopsies for assessing the causes of institutional maternal death. Stud Fam Plann1998;29:414\u201322.","DOI":"10.2307\/172253"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B23","unstructured":"Bang A, Reddy MH. Diagnosis of causes of childhood deaths in developing countries by verbal autopsy: suggested criteria. The SEARCH Team. Bull World Health Organ1992;70:499\u2013507."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B24","unstructured":"Anker M, Black RE, Coldham C et al. A standard verbal autopsy method for investigating causes of death in infants and children. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/surveillance\/whocdscsrisr994.pdf, 1999 (accessed on November 17, 2004)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen LC, Gesche MC AS, Chowdhury AI, Mosley WH. Maternal mortality in rural Bangladesh. Stud Fam Plann1974;5:334\u201341.","DOI":"10.2307\/1965185"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar R, Sharma AK, Barik S, Kumar V. Maternal mortality inquiry in a rural community of North India. Int J Gynaecol Obstet1989;29:313\u201319.","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(89)90355-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahn K, Tollman SM, Garenne M, Gear JSS. Who dies from what? Determining the cause of death in South Africa's rural north east. Trop Med Int Health1999;4:433\u201341.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00415.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandramohan D, Maude GH, Rodrigues LC, Hayes RJ. Verbal autopsies for adult deaths: issues in their development and validation. Int J Epidemiol1994;23:213\u201322.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.2.213"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B29","unstructured":"Khoury SA, Massad D, Fardous T. Mortality and causes of death in Jordan 1995-96: assessment by verbal autopsy. Bull World Health Organ1999;77:641\u201350."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sibai AM, Fletcher A, Hills M, Campbell O. Non-communicable disease mortality rates using the verbal autopsy in a cohort of middle aged and older populations in Beirut during wartime, 1983\u20131993. J Epidemiol Commun Health2001;55:271\u201376.","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.4.271"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jha P, Gajalakshmi V, Gupta PC et al. Prospective study of one million deaths in India: rationale, design and validation results. PLoS Med2006;3:e18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030018"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grein T, Checchi F, Escriba JM et al. Mortality among displaces former UNITA members and their families in Angola: a retrospective cluster survey. Br Med J2003;327:650.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7416.650"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowker TJ, Wood DA, Davies MJ et al. Sudden, unexpected cardiac or unexplained death in England: a national survey. Q J Med2003;96:269\u201379.","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg038"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B34","unstructured":"Dandona R, Mishra A. Deaths due to road traffic crashes in Hyderabad city in India: need for strengthening surveillance. Natl Med J India2004;17:74\u201379."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subrahmanyam M. Epidemiology of burns in a district hospital in Western India. Burns1996;22:439\u201342.","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(96)00001-0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh D, Singh A, Sharma AK, Sodhi L. Burn mortality in Chandigarh zone: 25 years autopsy experience from a tertiary care hospital of India. Burns1998;24:150\u201356.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(97)00106-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranganathan K, Umadevi M, Saraswathi TR, Kumarasamy N. Oral lesions and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in 1000 South Indian patients. Ann Acad Med2004;33(Suppl 4):37\u201342.","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V33N4p37S"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B38","unstructured":"Gupta PC, Mehta H. Cohort of all-cause mortality among tobacco users in Mumbai, India. Bull World Health Organ2000;78:877\u201383."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B39","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Preventing Chronic Diseases: A Vital Investment. Geneva: WHO. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/chp\/chronic_disease_report\/en\/ (accessed on November 10, 2005)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012195547_B40","unstructured":"Reddy KS, Patel T, Mishra A. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control in Developing Countries. Assessment of Capacity: A Summary Report of Methodology and Key Results. New Delhi: Centre for Chronic Disease Control, 2002."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-pdf\/35\/6\/1522\/1878310\/dyl168.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T11:27:57Z","timestamp":1707218877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article\/35\/6\/1522\/660009\/Chronic-diseases-now-a-leading-cause-of-death-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyl168","relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-3685","0300-5771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-3685","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0300-5771","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]]}}}