{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:27:29Z","timestamp":1791214049313,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3OD023286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD023286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK092924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK092924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI102960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI102960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD034568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD034568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National University of Singapore Overseas Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["NUS OPF\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUS OPF\/2017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"Singapore National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007680","name":"NMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TA\/0027\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TA\/0027\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007680","name":"NMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CG\/C008A\/2017 KKH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CG\/C008A\/2017 KKH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Few studies have examined the independent and combined relationships of body mass index (BMI) peak and rebound with adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic risk later in life. We used data from Project Viva, a well-characterized birth cohort from Boston with repeated measures of BMI, to help fill this gap.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 1681 children with BMI data from birth to mid childhood, we fitted individual BMI trajectories using mixed-effects models with natural cubic splines and estimated age, and magnitude of BMI, at peak (in infancy) and rebound (in early childhood). We obtained cardiometabolic measures of the children in early adolescence (median 12.9\u2009years) and analysed their associations with the BMI parameters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After adjusting for potential confounders, age and magnitude at infancy BMI peak were associated with greater adolescent adiposity, and earlier adiposity rebound was strongly associated with greater adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic risk score independently of BMI peak. Children with a normal timing of BMI peak plus early rebound had an adverse cardiometabolic profile, characterized by higher fat mass index {\u03b2 2.2\u2009kg\/m2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6, 2.9]}, trunk fat mass index [1.1\u2009kg\/m2 (0.8, 1.5)], insulin resistance [0.2 units (0.04, 0.4)] and metabolic risk score [0.4 units (0.2, 0.5)] compared with children with a normal BMI peak and a normal rebound pattern. Children without a BMI peak (no decline in BMI after the rise in infancy) also had adverse adolescent metabolic profiles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early age at BMI rebound is a strong risk factor for cardiometabolic risk, independent of BMI peak. Children with a normal peak-early rebound pattern, or without any BMI decline following infancy, are at greatest risk of adverse cardiometabolic profile in adolescence. Routine monitoring of BMI may help to identify children who are at greatest risk of developing an adverse cardiometabolic profile in later life and who may be targeted for preventive interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T20:11:52Z","timestamp":1544040712000},"page":"157-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Patterns of body mass index milestones in early life and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Izzuddin M","family":"Aris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl L","family":"Rifas-Shiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken P","family":"Kleinman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A","family":"Coull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane R","family":"Gold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Hivert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Kramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Oken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. 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