{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:21:37Z","timestamp":1792099297454,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37 DA044467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 DA044467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32 DA049500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 DA049500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cigarette craving, which can negatively impact smoking cessation, is reportedly stronger in women than in men when they initiate abstinence from smoking. Identifying approaches to counteract craving in people of different sexes may facilitate the development of personalized treatments for Tobacco Use Disorder, which disproportionately affects women. Because cigarette craving is associated with nicotine dependence and structure of the insula, this study addressed whether a person\u2019s sex influences these associations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The research participants (n\u2009=\u200999, 48 women) reported daily cigarette smoking and provided self-reports of nicotine dependence. After overnight abstinence from smoking, they underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning to determine cortical thickness of the left and right anterior circular insular sulcus, and self-rated their cigarette craving before and after their first cigarette of the day.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women reported stronger craving than men irrespective of smoking condition (i.e., pre- and post-smoking) (P\u2009=\u2009.048), and smoking reduced craving irrespective of sex (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). A 3-way interaction of sex, smoking condition, and right anterior circular insular sulcus thickness on craving (P\u2009=\u2009.033) reflected a negative association of cortical thickness with pre-smoking craving in women only (P\u2009=\u2009.012). No effects of cortical thickness in the left anterior circular insular sulcus were detected. Nicotine dependence was positively associated with craving (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) across groups and sessions, with no sex differences in this association.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A negative association of right anterior insula thickness with craving in women only suggests that this region may be a relevant therapeutic target for brain-based smoking cessation interventions in women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T03:14:10Z","timestamp":1617678850000},"page":"624-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Sex Differences in the Association of Cigarette Craving With Insula Structure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Maylen","family":"Perez Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Pochon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dara G","family":"Ghahremani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy C","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral 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