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At present, psychedelics, like other current scientific tools and methods, seem unlikely to provide information relevant to the so-called \u201chard problem of consciousness,\u201d which involves explaining how first-person experience can emerge. However, psychedelics bear on multiple \u201ceasy problems of consciousness,\u201d which involve relations between subjectivity, brain function, and behavior. In this review, we discuss common meanings of the term \u201cconsciousness\u201d when used with regard to psychedelics and consider some models of the effects of psychedelics on the brain that have also been associated with explanatory claims about consciousness. We conclude by calling for epistemic humility regarding the potential for psychedelic research to aid in explaining the hard problem of consciousness while pointing to ways in which psychedelics may advance the study of many specific aspects of consciousness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T16:09:40Z","timestamp":1620662980000},"page":"615-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Psychedelics and Consciousness: Distinctions, Demarcations, and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9604-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David B","family":"Yaden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"},{"name":"Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"},{"name":"Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland R","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"},{"name":"Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj K","family":"Doss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"},{"name":"Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Garcia-Romeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"},{"name":"Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"},{"name":"Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Gukasyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"},{"name":"Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian N","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick S","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and 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