{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T08:45:18Z","timestamp":1782722718452,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SLT002\/16\/00364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT002\/16\/00364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"ISCIII","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP19\/00108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP19\/00108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"ISCIII","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SLT008\/18\/00050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT008\/18\/00050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020 FI-B100153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020 FI-B100153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs (BZDRs) are among the most prescribed medications for anxiety and insomnia, especially among older adults. Our objective was to investigate the association between the use of BZDRs and the risk of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A community-based retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the data available from 2002 to 2015 in Catalan Health Service. This cohort included all BZDR users (N = 83 138) and nonusers (N = 84 652) older than 45 years. A minimum 5-year lag window and an adjustment for psychiatric problems were applied for the data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of incident dementia among BZDR users was 1.22 (95% CI = 1.15 to 1.31). This risk was not significant after adjusting the data confounding factors (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.08). We observed a higher risk with short-to-intermediate half-life BZDs (HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.20) and Z-drugs (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.33) than for intermediate-to-long half-life BZDs (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.08). We demonstrated a higher risk of incident dementia (HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.41 and odds ratio = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.27 to 1.50, respectively) in patients who received 91 to 180 defined daily doses (DDDs) and &amp;gt;180 DDDs compared with patients who received &amp;lt;90 DDD. Regarding patient sex, the risk of dementia was higher in women than in men.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that the incidence of dementia was not higher among all BZDR users. Short half-life BZDs and Z-drugs increased the risk of dementia at the highest doses, especially in female patients, showing a dose-response relationship.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T19:13:34Z","timestamp":1635448414000},"page":"261-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Benzodiazepine and Z-Drug Use and the Risk of Developing Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Torres-Bondia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, IRBLleida, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Dakterzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Trastorns Cognitius (Cognitive Disorders Unit), Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Galv\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Servei Catal\u00e0 de la Salut (Catalan Health Services), Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miquel","family":"Buti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat d\u2019Avaluaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednica (Clinical Evaluation Unit), Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut (Catalan Institute of Health), Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaston","family":"Besanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accenture Innovation Center, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Barcelona Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accenture Innovation Center, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Buil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accenture Innovation Center, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"de Batlle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital and Santa Maria University Hospital, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases (Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4495-2113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard","family":"Pi\u00f1ol-Ripoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Trastorns Cognitius (Cognitive Disorders 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