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By conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated whether augmentation with 5-hydroxtrypatamine (5-HT)1A partial agonists of the azapirone class improves psychotic symptoms and attention\/processing speed, a key domain of cognition, in patients with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was performed from 1987 to February 25, 2022, to identify randomized controlled trials. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated when there were 2 or more studies. Seven studies, involving 435 patients, met the inclusion criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that add-on therapy with buspirone or tandospirone had a significant beneficial effect on overall psychotic symptoms (SMD = \u20131.13, 95% CI = \u20131.98 to \u20130.27) and positive symptoms (SMD = \u20130.72, 95% CI =\u20131.31 to \u20130.12), while the effect on negative symptoms did not reach statistical significance (SMD = \u20130.93, 95% CI = \u20131.90 to 0.04). A significant positive effect was also observed on attention\/processing speed (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.61).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings support the idea that some compounds that stimulate 5-HT1A receptors provide an effective pharmacologic enhancer in the treatment of schizophrenia. Further clinical trials are warranted to determine the benefits of the adjunctive use of 5-HT1A partial agonists in ameliorating symptoms and improving functional outcomes in patients with schizophrenia or other psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyad004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T18:19:36Z","timestamp":1675275576000},"page":"249-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of 5-HT1A Receptor Partial Agonists of the Azapirone Class as an Add-On Therapy on Psychopathology and Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Risa","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira, Tokyo , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, 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