{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:46:01Z","timestamp":1791380761180,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-4 isoform, reelin, and clusterin share very\u2013low-density liporeceptor and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 receptors and are related to cognition in neuropsychiatric disorders. These proteins are expressed in plasma and brain, but studies involving plasma expression and cognition are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied the peripheral expression (plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) of these proteins in 24 middle-aged patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosed at 4 to 12 weeks of abstinence (t\u2009=\u20090) and 34 controls. Cognition was assessed using the Test of Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Alcoholism. In a follow-up study (t\u2009=\u20091), we measured reelin levels and evaluated cognitive improvement at 6 months of abstinence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>APOE4 isoform was present in 37.5% and 58.8% of patients and controls, respectively, reaching similar plasma levels in \u03b54 carriers regardless of whether they were patients with AUD or controls. Plasma reelin and clusterin were higher in the AUD group, and reelin levels peaked in patients expressing APOE4 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05, \u03b72\u2009=\u20090.09), who showed reduced very\u2013low-density liporeceptor and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. APOE4 had a negative effect on memory\/learning mainly in the AUD group (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01, \u03b72\u2009=\u20090.15). Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified plasma reelin as a good indicator of AUD cognitive impairment at t\u2009=\u20090. At t\u2009=\u20091, patients with AUD showed lower reelin levels vs controls along with some cognitive improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reelin plasma levels are elevated during early abstinence in patients with AUD who express the APOE4 isoform, identifying cognitive deterioration to a great extent, and it may participate as a homeostatic signal for cognitive recovery in the long term.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyad034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T20:45:19Z","timestamp":1687466719000},"page":"545-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Reelin Plasma Levels Identify Cognitive Decline in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients During Early Abstinence: The Influence of APOE4 Expression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Berta","family":"Escudero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"L\u00f3pez-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"RIAPAd: Research Network in Primary Care in Addictions (\u201cRed de investigaci\u00f3n en atenci\u00f3n primaria en adicciones\u201d) , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9614-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Orio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"RIAPAd: Research Network in Primary Care in Addictions (\u201cRed de investigaci\u00f3n en atenci\u00f3n primaria en adicciones\u201d) , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023091307050008000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10125","article-title":"Reelin-expressing neurons in the postnatal and adult human hippocampal formation","volume":"13","author":"Abraham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2023091307050008000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000372","article-title":"Neurocognitive profiling of adult treatment seekers enrolled in a clinical trial of a web-delivered intervention 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