{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T20:28:11Z","timestamp":1784147291506,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR4-172750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR4-172750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Increased levels of occupational stress among health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic have been documented. Few studies have examined the effects of the pandemic on mental health professionals despite the heightened demand for their services.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A multilingual, longitudinal, global survey was conducted at 3 time points during the pandemic among members of the World Health Organization\u2019s Global Clinical Practice Network. A total of 786 Global Clinical Practice Network members from 86 countries responded to surveys assessing occupational distress, well-being, and posttraumatic stress symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On average, respondents\u2019 well-being deteriorated across time while their posttraumatic stress symptoms showed a modest improvement. Linear growth models indicated that being female, being younger, providing face-to-face health services to patients with COVID-19, having been a target of COVID-related violence, and living in a low- or middle-income country or a country with a higher COVID-19 death rate conveyed greater risk for poor well-being and higher level of stress symptoms over time. Growth mixed modeling identified trajectories of occupational well-being and stress symptoms. Most mental health professions demonstrated no impact to well-being; maintained moderate, nonclinical levels of stress symptoms; or showed improvements after an initial period of difficulty. However, some participant groups exhibited deteriorating well-being approaching the clinical threshold (25.8%) and persistently high and clinically significant levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (19.6%) over time.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study indicates that although most mental health professionals exhibited stable, positive well-being and low stress symptoms during the pandemic, a substantial minority of an already burdened global mental health workforce experienced persistently poor or deteriorating psychological status over the course of the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyad046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T16:51:10Z","timestamp":1690995070000},"page":"747-760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Longitudinal Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stress and Occupational Well-Being of Mental Health Professionals: An International Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6598-2779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cary S","family":"Kogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A","family":"Garcia-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Docencia Econ\u00f3mica , Mexico City , Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahilia J","family":"Rebello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline I","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Mental Health Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz , Mexico City , Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3283-2875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Kulygina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Training and Research Centre, Mental-health clinic No.1 named after N.A. Alekseev , Moscow , Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"Medina-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico and Center for Global Mental Health Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz , Mexico City , Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oye","family":"Gureje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neuroscience, Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7218-7810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan J","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory , South Africa"},{"name":"SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital , Observatory , South 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