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However, only a few studies have examined the gonadal hormone dysfunctions in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, in particular in young patients with SCH. This study was designed to investigate the sex differences in gonadal hormones in young and antipsychotic-na\u00efve FES patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred and sixty-two patients with SCH and 74 healthy controls were recruited, and blood gonadal hormones, including estradiol (E2), follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (PROG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (TESTO), were measured in young FES patients and controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that both male and female young FES patients showed gonadal hormone disturbances at the onset of psychosis. Male patients exhibited a significantly higher rate of abnormal E2 (25.6% vs 3.9%), while female patients had higher rates of abnormal FSH (0% vs 5.3%), PROG (0% vs 21.1%), LH (3.5% vs 17.1%), and TESTO (3.5% vs 13.2%) (all P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further identified that specific gonadal hormone indices, including E2, LH, and TESTO, were factors associated with sex differences in young FES patients, after controlling for age, smoking status, and body mass index.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study reveals an overall gonadal hormone imbalance in young antipsychotic-na\u00efve FES patients, highlighting sex differences at the onset of psychosis. Our study provides a foundation for further research into the role of gonadal hormones in the pathophysiology of SCH and the potential for personalized medicine approaches based on hormonal balance. Future studies were warranted to explore these differences and their implications for clinical practice to improve the treatment outcomes for individuals suffering from SCH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyae063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T21:50:05Z","timestamp":1733867405000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gonadal hormone abnormalities in young patients with first-episode schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Zhenjiang Mental Health Center , Zhenjiang ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jindong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Mental Health Center , Qingdao ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Mental Health Center , Qingdao ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5125-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meihong","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Quzhou , Quzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengchun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121908464457600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.16","article-title":"A comprehensive nationwide study of the incidence rate and lifetime risk for treated mental disorders","volume":"71","author":"Pedersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"2024121908464457600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230736","article-title":"Rethinking the first episode of schizophrenia: identifying convergent mechanisms during development and moving toward prediction","volume":"180","author":"Forsyth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2024121908464457600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr030","article-title":"Age of onset of schizophrenia: perspectives from structural neuroimaging studies","volume":"37","author":"Gogtay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2024121908464457600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45094","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.MS21078COM5","article-title":"The epidemiology and global burden of schizophrenia","volume":"84","author":"Velligan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"2024121908464457600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14571","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914571","article-title":"Sex differences in brain disorders","volume":"24","author":"Ziemka-Nalecz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"2024121908464457600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2010.514601","article-title":"Is sex important? 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